1. Global Social Policy II
101108
Birgitta Jansson

2. World Health Organisation
Created 1948
WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system.
It is responsible for
providing leadership on global health matters
shaping the health research agenda
setting norms and standards
articulating evidence-based policy options
providing technical support to countries
monitoring and assessing health trends.

3. UNESCO
United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organisation - established 1945
World Declaration on Education for All (EFA) 1990
Six goals:
Expanding comprehensive early childhood education
Ensuring access to free compulsory primary education by 2015
Ensuring the meeting of the learning needs of young people and adults

4. Increasing external financial assistance Improving donor co-ordination
Achieving a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015
Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2015
Improving all aspects of the quality of education
Increasing external financial assistance
Improving donor co-ordination
Ensuring earlier debt relief

5. UNDP Main issue: Poverty elimination
1996 Poverty Strategies Initiative (PSI)
Prime responsibility for the MDG
In 1995 Social Summit concluded with the commitments:
the Millennium Development Goals

6. Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1 – eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Target 1 – Halve, between 1990 and 2015 the population of people whose income is less than one dollar a day (1,25 dollar)
Goal 2 – Achieve universal primary education  
Goal 3 – Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4 – Reduce child mortality

7. Goal 5 – Improve maternal health
Goal 6 – Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7 – Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8 – develop a global partnership for development
Also World Bank, IMF, the OECD and others are involved.

8. Human Development Reports
Produced since 1990
From fundamentalist liberalism towards some kind of socially oriented adjustment and development policies.
Human, not economic, development!
Children's rights

9. Non-state actors Global think tanks Global development network GDN
Independent, or private policy research organisations
Independent?
Global development network GDN
World Bank directly involved
Global networks of feminist scholars
Mainstreaming gender issues

10. International Consulting Companies (ICC) Transnational companies (TNC)
Advocate privatising policy
Transnational companies (TNC)
State provision is justified only when it contribute directly to economic growth
Favours reducing expenditures and taxation
Prefers taxation on workers
Horizontal redistribution across lifetime
Not vertical – from richer to poorer

11. TNC claims to be socially responsible
Corporate social responsibility
Development by
Do business that obeys the law, produces safe and cost effective products and services, creates jobs and wealth, supports training and technology cooperation reflects international standards and values in areas such as the environment, ethics, labour and human rights.

12. Global social movements
Old – trade unions
New – women's movement, indigenous people's, student's
Trade unions
Northern workers' interests
Preventing jobs to disappear
World Social Forum
Includes Southern trade unions and social movements

13. Global women's movement
Women as worker too
Policy change:
Engendering macroeconomics
Sexual and reproductive rights
Human rights – especially violence against women
Ethnic and religious-based claims
Minorities rights
To speak, reclaiming access to resources

14. Global redistribution?
Aid
UN target 0.7 per cent of GDP
Most aid to middle-income countries
Very little aid spent on basic service like education and health
Tied aid
Huge debts – could not pay back
How to tackle?

15. Debt relief Finance Cancelling debts Untie aid More money is needed
Global environmental taxes
Tax on currency flows
International finance facility

16. Global public goods Global funds Health?
The Global fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
The global alliance for vaccination and immunisation
Education for all
But flow from south to north – professions

17. Global regulation? Global labour standards Voluntary codes
Code of conduct
Child labour
Global tax regulation
Tax competition
Reduce tax rates and special tax-free zones
Harmful

18. Global social rights?
Women – men, members of ethnic or other minorities
Code of global best social practise?
Implementation?
From neo-liberalism to more social democratic?
Time-spirit?

19. Governance Need for reform Radical liberal right
Wish to see the influence of UN and WB reduced
Radical left and Radical south
Abolition of the Bretton Woods organisations
Strengthen UN as the main agent of global social governance

20. Global labour migrationUN
Strengthening its role
Reforming WB and WTO
Global labour migration