2.  http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=200901300 6&site=ehost-live&scope=site http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=200901300 6&site=ehost-live&scope=site  “Despite aggressive efforts in the United States (US) to assure that all women begin care in the first trimester, every year about 70,000 women in the US receive no care prior to delivery”  n = 126,220-women of different races that had no prenatal care and delivered a singleton baby were followed from birth and death certificates.

3.  http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=201044267 7&site=ehot-live&scope=site :http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/logi n.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=201044267 7&site=ehot-live&scope=site  “This study investigates the association of early prenatal care, preterm birth, and low birth weight with the couple relationship context, including partners' joint intentions for the pregnancy, their marital status at conception, and the presence of relationship problems during pregnancy”  N = 5,788-couples with babies 9 months old  Longitudinal study

4.  Risk factors for inadequate prenatal care and preterm birth included parents who did not intend to get pregnant and increased even more for partners who were not married.  The “Couple context” of a pregnancy has shown to be an important aspect to a healthy pregnancy and baby.

5.  http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/login.aspx?direct =true&db=rzh&AN=2010540105&site=ehost- live&scope=site http://0- search.ebscohost.com.ignacio.usfca.edu/login.aspx?direct =true&db=rzh&AN=2010540105&site=ehost- live&scope=site  Looked at length of stay for women with and without depression during pregnancy  Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES- D) was used.  N-867 pregnant women  “a longer stay was associated with an elevated CES-D and minority race, antepartum complications, cesarean delivery, prematurity, multiple gestation, and neonatal length of stay.”  Antepartum depression was associated with longer peripartum stay.