1. AN OUTLINE OF HISTORYAN OUTLINE OF HISTORY From the point of view of science, religion, and philosophyFrom the point of view of science, religion, and philosophy

2. PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERSPRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS Roughly 600-400 BCE Known only in fragments Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno Pythagoras of Samos (582-496 BCE)

3. THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECETHE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE Socrates (469-399 BCE) Plato (427-327 BCE) Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

4. THE COLLAPSE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE DARK AGES Ptolemy (127-151) Greek astronomer and mathematician Augustine of Hippo (354-322 BCE) Perhaps the most influential thinker in the history of the Roman Catholic Church

5. THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES AND THE BEGINNING OF THE RENAISSANCE Rediscovery of the classics Dante (1263-1321) – the “Sweet New Style” Aquinas (1224-1274) – the “Angelic Doctor” The great cathedrals were begun.

6. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Galileo (1574-1642) Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

7. THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT Roughly coincident with the 18 th century New emphasis on reason, freedom, and democracy. Questioning the authority of the church David Hume (1711-1776) Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) James Hutton (1726-1797) The father of modern geology. “No vestige of a beginning; no prospect of an end.”

8. THE 19 TH CENTURYTHE 19 TH CENTURY Charles Darwin (1809-1892)

9. THE 20 TH CENTURYTHE 20 TH CENTURY Modern Physics – Quantum Mechanics – Cosmology – Chaos Biology – the Darwinian synthesis The rise of American fundamentalism