1. P11451 System Design Review Cook Stove Test Stand Group January 14 th 2011 David Sam (ME) Huseyin Zorba (ISE) Phillip Amsler (ME)

2. Agenda Project Description Customer Needs Engineering Specifications System Level Work Work Breakdown Fish Bone Diagram Schedule Risk List Test Stand Hardware Outputs Modifications to Test Stand Testing Extreme Conditions Error Testing and Benchmarking Particulate Measurement Concept Selection

3. Project Description The mission of P11451 is to define test methods and document testing procedures relevant to the Haitian customer needs Deliverables: – Functioning test stand – Documented testing procedure – Documented benchmark results against published results – Produce results for project teams P11461 and P11462

4. Customer Needs Revision #:3 Customer Need # ImportanceDescriptionComments/Status CN11 Accurate Statistical Results: Repeatable results, minimize variability and quantify uncertainty Main customer need, by minimizing variability we can achieve repeatable results and quantify our uncertainty. CN21Document standardized water boil test Document a water boil test or modified water boil test with a test procedure and user manual. CN31Document standardized quick stove test Create and document a quick stove test procedure for teams to test under a range of scenarios with instant feedback. By changing one input, user should be able to identify the impact in the output. This test should have a user manual. CN41Document a field like test Create and document a test procedure to test the stove under Haitian cooking style which may include longer time to boil. Procedure should be documented with a user manual. CN51Measure efficiency and it's uncertainty Measure the efficiency of the thermal versus chemical energy used. CN61SafetyTest stand should be safe to operate for untrained users. CN71Benchmark against other stoves Test and compare our stove versus rebar stove or another kind of stove under same test conditions. This will allow comparison of results such as fuel usage, emissions, and time to boil CN81Quantify emissionsGreenhouse gases such as CO. CN92Quantify particulate matter Any solid matter output from the stove into the surrounding environment. CN102Durable Test stand should be durable and able to withstand years of testing CN112Ease of use Test stand should be ergonomic and easily used by one user. Also testing should be easily performed by any user. CN122Easily transportableTest stand should be easily transportable by one user

5. Engineering Specifications Revision #:3 Engr. Spec. # ImportanceSource Specification (description) Unit of Measure Marginal Value Ideal Value Comments/Status ES11 CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7 Repeatable time to boil Standard deviation (%) <20%<10% Boiling time (mins) is an output of the WBT and customer need is to have these results be repeatable and to minimize variability ES21 CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7 Repeatable specific fuel consumption Standard deviation (%) <20%<10% Ratio of total amount of fuel (wood or charcoal) used to the amount of water (grams fuel/ grams of water) from WBT; this is a specification that can be used in benchmarking. ES31 CN1, CN2, CN3,CN4, CN5, CN7 Repeatable thermal efficiency of stove Coefficient of Variation (%) <20%<10% Ratio of the work done by heating and evaporating water to the energy consumed by the fuel source. The thermal efficiency should be repeatable to ensure validity of testing. ES41 CN1, CN2,CN3, CN4 CN7 Repeatable fuel rate consumption Standard deviation (%) <10%<5% Fuel rate consumption (g/min), by obtaining repeatable results, we can observe the differences in setting up the fuel source and lighting procedure to help us determine the best method and which is conserve fuel the best. Fuel consumption is defined as the amount of fuel to produce a unit output. (How much fuel to boil water) ES51 CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7 Repeatable firepower Standard deviation (%) <10%<5% Firepower (Watts) is the rate of fuel energy consumed by the stove per minute which can give us the power output of the stove in watts. This can be calculated from WBT data and could also be useful benchmarking. ES61 CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN8 Accurate emission measurements Std Dev g (grams) <2.0 grams < 1.0 grams Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 20 grams of CO and most forced air stoves emit less than 10 grams so we will look for a std dev less than 10%. (<2.0 grams) ES71CN6, CN10 Number of accidents# Accidents 1 out of 30 tests 0 Accidents relating to any burns, cuts, and shock should be zero for maximum safety during a standard WBT or any other test. This test stand must be safe for general use. ES81 CN2, CN3, CN4, CN8 User manual ease# Questions<30 Through documentation, any user should be able to read and set up the test stand and perform testing without any questions. ES92 CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN9 Accurate particulate measurements Std Dev (mg)<150 mg<50 mg Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 1500 grams of particulate matter so we will be looking for a std dev less than 10% (<150 mg) ES102 CN11 CN12 Set up timeminutes<20< 10 Related to ease of use, set up time for any single user should not take longer than 20 minutes. Goal would be 10 minutes from transporting stand and equipment to loading fuel and lighting fuel by one user.

6. System Level Work System Specifications (Size, Fan, etc.) Noise Factors System Outcomes Positives a)Efficiency Negatives a)Emissions b)Particulate Matter

7. System Level Work Inputs Test Standards a)Charcoal b)Stove (Any Kind) c)Test Type (Short, Relevant, WBT) d)Lighting Technique SYSTEMSYSTEM Outputs a)Emissions b)Solid Wastes c)Test Time d)Efficiency e)Statistical Accuracy

8. System Level Work Improvement Assessment Change in DesignWaste Management Impact Assessment EcologicalHealth Inventory Quantify:Raw Material,Energy,WastePerform the Test Goal Project Scope

9. Work Break Down

10. Fish Bone

11. Schedule

12. Risk List IDRisk ItemEffectCause Likelihood Severity Importance Action to Minimize RiskOwner # Short description of project risk. What is the effect on any or all of the project deliverables if the cause actually happens? What are the possible cause(s) of this risk? L*S What action(s) will you take (and by when) to prevent, reduce the impact of, or transfer the risk of this occurring? Who is responsible for following through on mitigation? 1 Test difficult to assemble or run. Time lost in experiment, and likely require more than 1 person to run Test stand difficult to push, multiple pieces to assemble, difficult to hook up wires. 313 Minimize number of pieces in assembly, and increase mobility of stand. Huseyin 2 Data acquisition hardware failure/breakdown Cost of new equipment, extra test needed. Hotter fire from wood, general ware, or bad weather (rain). 133 Careful handling of test equipment and solid repeatable procedure for good weather. Phil 3 Emission data inaccurate or immeasurable Emission data unknown, or could add noise to the system output. Emission sensor maxed out, not capable of reading highly concentrated emissions, or placed in unrepresentative location. 224 Install researched and proven Emission measurement device, and test to ensure repeatability and accuracy. Dave 4 Changing fuel type (hard/soft charcoal, wood, vines, and combinations) More variables, less repeatability, and more test runs needed. Changing, sizes, placement, brands, or types of charcoal 224Use one repeatable fuel typeDave 5Ventilation Failure Emission data unknown, test will need to be redone. Fan won’t start, chimney breaks, or won’t attach properly. 224Install dependable fan.Phil 6 Changing weather or atmospheric conditions Noise added to experimental efficiency, etc. Changing humidity, temperature, wind, etc. 326 Plan to standardize moisture in coal before the experiment, and generally plan for tests during fair weather. Phil 7 Metrics could be inaccurate or changing. (Charcoal Mass, Water Volume, Environmental Effects) Bad test, data neglected- repeatability decreases. Bad test standards, poor measurement devices, procedure not followed properly, wind shaking scale. 339 Solid repeatable procedure with proven measurement devices (i.e. beakers, scale, etc.) Also, limiting testing days to “ideal” weather normalizing data to a certain temperature. Installed diffuser to minimize wind effect. Huseyin

13. Test Stand Hardware Outputs CO Particulate Matter Uncertainties CO Meter Filter New Vent Fan Testing Extreme Cases EL- USB-CO SampleBig Fan Wait time during lighting Wet/Dry Charcoal Whole Chimney Charcoal sizes Temp Range Impede Chimney? Relative Sample? Δ Start Time Δ Emissions Solution Choices Problems Untested Light Sensor UCB particulate monitor Price

14. Old Test Stand

15. Current Test Stand

16. Testing Extreme Conditions TestWet/Dry CharcoalVarying Charcoal Sizes 1Test with charcoal set at room humidity (~25%) Use charcoal straight from the bag (1kg) 2Test with charcoal set at high humidity (~75%) Cut coal into uniform pieces and place piece by piece in stove. (1kg)

17. Error Testing and Benchmarking Test a range of stoves to get an idea of variability from wind, humidity, stove size, temperature, and other variabilitys. Test other stoves (i.e.. Rebar) for emissions – Compare to published WBT data – Check if test stand has systematic or arbitrary errors If test is successfully repeatable then we will know how the P11461 stove compares.

18. Particulate Filter Placement Whole Chimney% Sampling Added Head LossUnknown Relation Sample/Actual Could Choke ChimneyAssumes Uniform Concentration Reverse Q Leak Requires additional testing Batch Sampling Unknown Flow RateCan be complex Q Vent Q Stove Q Leak Whole Chimney% Sampling Known Particulate Mass Negligible affect on flow rate Simple Test Method (mass difference) Cheap Minimum Change in Test Stand Pros Cons *Simple qualitative test with shirt or other impedance on Chimney will determine viability.

19. The UCB Monitor

20. Particulate Measurement Concept Selection

21. Follow Up Topics Conceptual design approval Further Modifications UCB Monitor Purchase Expectations for remainder of quarter

22. Questions?

23. Supporting Slides 1

24. Supporting Slides 2