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2. Systems Requirement Review Presentation Joe Appel Todd Beeby Julie Douglas Konrad Habina Katie Irgens Jon Linsenmann David Lynch Dustin Truesdell 2

3. Overview Mission Statement Market, Customers, & Competitors Design Mission Design Requirements New Technologies Sizing Code Summary & Next Steps 3

4. Mission Statement Design an Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) that lowers noise, minimizes emissions, and reduces fuel burn Utilize new technology to develop a competitive medium-size aircraft that meets the demands of transportation for continental market Deliver a business plan focusing on capitalizing on growing markets Submit final design to NASA ERA College Student Challenge 4

5. NASA ERA College Student Challenge 5 1 NASA ERA Goals Large twin aisle reference configuration = Boeing 777-200LR

6. Market Growth in twin aisle market – Fastest growing market segment (4.4% annually) – Airplane seat count upgauging 6 2 Boeing Market Outlook

7. Market Geographic Regions: – Asia Pacific – US Domestic – Europe 7 2 Boeing Market Outlook 3 Airbus Market Forecast

8. Market Geographic Regions: – Asia Pacific – US Domestic 8 3 Airbus Market Forecast

9. Customers Low cost carriers – Point to point model – Shorter distance, larger passenger capacity Examples – SpiceJet, Spring Airlines, JetBlue, EasyJet 9 4 Point to Point: Asia Pacific

10. Competitors Designing an airplane with similar capabilities as the Boeing 757-200 Competitors – Other aircraft (A321-200, A320NEO, 757, 737) – High speed rail for short distances 10 3 Airbus Market Forecast 6 757-200 5 High Speed Rail

11. City Pairs Tokyo to Mumbai is 3700 nmi 7 Geographical Map of Asia 11

12. Runway Lengths 12 AirportRunway Length (ft) Beijing Capital International Airport12,468 Haneda9,843 Hong Kong International Airport12,467 Suvarnabhumi Airport13,123 Singapore Changi13,123 Guangzhou Baiyun International Aiport12,467 Narita International Aiport13,123 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport12,007 Incheon International Airport13,123 Shanghai Pudong International Airport13,123 Kuala Lumpur International Airport13,530 Mumbai International Airport11,302 Delhi International Airport14,534 Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport11,154 Ninoy Aquina International Airport12,261 Taipeo Taoyuan International Airport12,008 Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport11,155 Chengdu Shuangliu11,811 Kunming Wujiaba11,155 Kansai International13,123 Gimpo International11,811 Hangzhou Xiaoshan11,811 Jeju International9843 Ho Chi Minh International12,468 Shortest Runway: 9843 feet

13. Design Mission Tokyo - Mumbai 0 1 2 4 5 76 4’5’ 8 9 Taxi & takeoff Climb Cruise Climb No range descent Loiter (30 min) Land Climb No range descent Land Attempt to Land Loiter (30 min) 6800 ftRange: 3700 nmi4950 ftFuel Reserves 3 32000 ft 13

14. Design Requirements Market Driven Requirements – Similar two class configuration seating capacity to Boeing 757-200 [200 pax.] Boeing 737-900ER [177 pax.] Airbus A321NEO [185 pax.] 8 Boeing 737-900ER 3 Airbus Market Forecast 14

15. Design Requirements Improved Specifications (compared to Boeing 757-200) Extended Range to 4000 nmi Improved Cruise Efficiency Increased Payload, Takeoff Weight, and Landing Weight 6 Boeing 757-200 15

16. Design Requirements ERA driven requirements (compared to Boeing 777-200LR) – 75 % cut in emissions – 42 dB reduction in noise – 50% reduction in fuel burn – 50% reduction in field length Summarized in Compliance Matrix 16

17. Design Requirements Compliance Matrix 17

18. New Technologies Noise reduction: – Chevron Nozzles, Variable Nozzles, Scarf Inlet Active Noise Control, Forward Swept Fans, Swept/Leaned Stators, Soft Vanes, Over-the-Rotor Metal Foam Geared turbofan (GTF): – Ultra high bypass ratio engines to reduce fuel consumption, reduce engine maintenance, and reduce noise by up to 10 dB 18 10 Scarf Inlet 9 Chevron Nozzles 11 Geared Turbofan

19. Example Fuel Savings 19 12 New Technology Fuel Savings

20. Sizing Code Chart noyes Geometry (eg S, b, etc.) Empty Weight Prediction (W e ) Set W φ = (W φ ) calc Description of Aircraft Fuel Weight Prediction (W fuel ) Calculated Gross Weight (W φ ) calc Performance, Costs, Enviro Impacts 20 W φ = (W φ ) calc

21. Sizing Code 21

22. Sizing Code Calibration: Boeing 757-200 Passengers: 200 Range: 2655 nmi Cruise Mach Number: 0.8 Max Take-off Weight (MTOW): 255000 lb Operating Weight Empty (OWE): 136940 lb Fuel Weight: 74510 lb 13 Boeing 757-200 22

23. Sizing Code ParameterValueUnitsError W 0 (MTOW)256370.48lb 0.54% W e (MEW)132324.24lb -3.37% WfWf 80046.24lb 7.43% 23

24. Sizing Code Early Aircraft Predictions: Used 757-200 sizing code (similar aircraft) Adjusted range, MTOW, thrust, Mach #, passengers Based on “threshold” values from compliance matrix ParameterValueUnitsChange W 0 (MTOW)258692.93lb+0.91% W e (MEW)132004.16lb-0.24% WfWf 81288.77lb+1.55% 24

25. Sizing Code Next: Convert entirely to MATLAB Same output as with Excel Implement the next level of complexity Component weights Aerodynamics (drag breakdown) Propulsion (thrust, fuel consumption) Future technology factors 25

26. Summary & Next Steps Summary – Mission statement – Market & Customers – Design Mission – Design Requirements – New Technologies – Sizing Code Next Steps – In depth analysis of technologies (cost and benefits) – Increase complexity and accuracy of sizing code – Formulate customer, regulatory and design requirements and begin preliminary aircraft performance analysis. 26

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28. References 1.http://aero.larc.nasa.gov/era_univ/competitions_univ_era.htm 2. “Current Market Outlook 2010-2029,” Boeing Commercial Airplanes Market Analysis, Seattle, WA, Nov. 2010. 3. Leahy, John. “Airbus Global Market Forecast 2010-2029,” Airbus. Toulouse, Dec. 2010. 4. www.guidetothailand.com 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_high speed_rail_network.png 6. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/10/google-founders-pick- up-another-big-plane/ 7. “Geographical Map of Asia,” Sep. 2010. [http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/geographical_map_asia.htm l. Accessed 1/22/11.] 28

29. References 8. Tinseth, Randy, “Sharks and Jets,” Boeing Commercial Airlines, Seattle WA, August 2010. [http://boeingblogs.com/randy/archives/2010/08/sharks_and_jets. html. Accessed 1/22/11.] 9.http://memagazine.asme.org/articles/2006/november/Put_Nozzle.c fm 10. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT/2004/RT/RTL-abbott.html 11. http://www.airliners.net/aviation- forums/general_aviation/print.main?id=4065235 12. Nickol, C. L. (2007). Hybrid Wing Body Configuration System Studies. 13. www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery 29