1. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering EG 10111: Module 1 The Tower Builders Introduction to Engineering Systems Lecture 1 (8/28/2009) Prof. Andrés Tovar

2. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Announcements Bring headphones/earphones to the Learning Center next week. Visit Concourse http://concourse.nd.edu/ FA09-EG-10111 http://concourse.nd.edu/ Using "Laws of Nature" to Model a System 2

3. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame People Dr. Liz Kerr, CE 159 Fitz Dr. Andrés Tovar, AME 371 Fitz Dr. Kerry Meyers, FYEP Dr. Leo McWilliams, FYEPDr. Jay Brockman, FYEPNatalie Gedde, LC

4. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame About EG 10111 : Lectures EG 10111 will give you the opportunity to determine if Engineering is right for you through: –Exposure to different fields –Meeting faculty and students from various disciplines –Meets on Mon and Fri Course SectionInstructors (Fall) 1 8:30 – 9:20Kerr 2 9:35 – 10:25Kerr 3 11:45 – 12:35Tovar 4 12:50 – 1:40Tovar

5. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame About EG 11111 : Learning Center EG 11111 provides the opportunity for a hands-on experience in various engineering disciplines. –Meets on Tues., Wed., or Thurs. –Projects Module #1: Tower Builder Module #2: Programming Using MATLAB –Learning Center Materials posted on Concourse Read & print before learning center

6. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame About EG 10111 and EG 11111 Homework –Assigned as part of lecture –Available on Concourse every Monday –Due in Learning Center following week Deliverables –Assigned in Learning Center –Located in text box at the end of each learning center –Due in Learning Center following week Both due at Beginning of Learning Center Group Work is encouraged, but… –Must turn in original individual work. Please cite any references and include others who you worked with. See Honor Code!

7. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Exams Two Exams –Non-cumulative Exam 1: –October 14th –First Module Lectures & Learning Centers (Tower Builder) Exam 2: –Final’s Week –Second Module Lectures & Learning Centers (MATLAB Programming)

8. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Grade Distribution Midterm Exam (25% of final grade) Final Exam (25% of final grade) Homework (10% of final grade) Project 1(15% of final grade) Project 2(15% of final grade) Section (10% of final grade) Using "Laws of Nature" to Model a System

9. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Resources Available Faculty Student Assistants Classmates (study groups) Other Contacts –Peer Mentors –First Year Advisor/Tutoring –Women’s Engineering Program –Minority Engineering Program

10. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering 10 minutes Survey

11. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Engineering - What is it? The application of science and mathematics by which the properties of matter and the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people. Engineers are creative problem-solvers! http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/engineering Mathematics (Language) Science (Analysis) Technology (Synthesis)

12. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Science, Mathematics, and Engineering The world is filled with two kinds of things: natural things and artificial (man-made) things (H. Simon, 1968, The Sciences of the Artificial). Scientists investigate natural phenomena. “Science” derives from the Latin scientia, which means knowledge. Engineers create artificial things. “Engineering” derives from the Latin ingenium, which refers to to one’s ability to design or create things. Mathematicians seek out patterns and establish truth by rigorous deductions. “Mathematics” derives from the Greek mathema, which means learning. Using "Laws of Nature" to Model a System

13. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Q: What is the difference between and engineer, a scientist, and a mathematician? A: –An engineer believes equations approximate the world. –A scientist believes the world approximates equations. –A mathematician sees no connection between the two.

14. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Scientific method vs. Engineering process Scientific method State your question Do background research Formulate your hypothesis Design experiment Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment Analyze your results & draw conclusions Present results Engineering process Identify your need Do background research Formulate your design problem Prepare initial design Build and test a prototype Test & redesign as necessary Present results http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_engineering.shtml

15. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame An engineering problem 1 st Law (inertia): An object at rest tends to stay at rest and that an object in uniform motion tends to stay in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force. 2 nd Law (classical mechanics): F=ma 3 rd Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton (1643-1727) Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth. Archimedes (287BC-212BC)

16. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame An engineering problem W P = W How to lift an object heavier than a person can carry? P = W W W P = W/2 W

17. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame An engineering problem How to lift an object heavier than a person can carry? http://www.swe.org/

18. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Where and when do we learn the theories? All engineering majors take a common core of math and science courses (taught by the College of Science) Each engineering major has a required set of engineering science courses (taught by College of Engineering departments) –often have topics in common with science courses, but context/emphasis on modeling real-world systems Example sophomore courses: Aerospace Engineering Mechanics I & II Intro to Aeronautics Thermodynamics … Computer Science Fund. of Computing Discrete Mathematics Logic Design … Chemical Engineering Chem. & Biomol. Analysis Computer Methods Thermodynamics …

19. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Where and when do we learn to use the tools? Each engineering department has sophomore-level courses where you learn the basics of modeling, analysis, and design using relevant computer tools –often as part of a course where you also learn the theory Senior design courses give you the opportunity to take on some impressive challenges Mechanical engineering seniors working on their RoboFootball squad

20. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Engineering disciplines Aerospace Engineering Agricultural Engineering Architectural Engineering Bioengineering Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Computer Science Electrical Engineering Electronic Engineering Engineering Technology Environmental Engineering Industrial Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mining Engineering Nuclear Engineering Petroleum Engineering Software Engineering http://www.careercornerstone.org/

21. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Aerospace Engineering Structural design Guidance, navigation, and control Instrumentation and communication Production methods -- Commercial airplanes Military jets Helicopters Spacecraft Missiles and rockets

22. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Chemical Engineering Pharmaceuticals Pulp and paper Petrochemicals Food processing Polymers Biotechnology Environmental health and safety

23. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Computer Science Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Architecture Bioinformatics Databases Graphics and visualization Systems and networking Programming languages Scientific computing

24. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Civil Engineering Structural Environmental Geotechnical Water Resources Transportation Construction Urban Planning

25. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Electrical Engineering Electronic Circuits Telecommunications Control systems Electronic Materials and Devices Nanoelectronics Optoelectronics -- Generation Transportation Distribution

26. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Mechanical Engineering Design Manufacturing Materials Fluids and Thermal Science -- Industrial machines Biomechanics Robotics and Mechatronics Automotive industry Naval and aerospace industry

27. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Engineering disciplines: average salary Aerospace Engineering: $87.6K Chemical Engineering: $78.8K Civil Engineering: $68.6K Computer Science: $93.9K Electrical Engineering: $75.9K Mechanical Engineering: $69.8K http://www.careercornerstone.org/

28. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Engineering disciplines Q: What's the difference between mechanical engineers and civil engineers? A: Mechanical engineers build weapons, civil engineers build targets. Q: What is the difference between a chemist and a chemical engineer? A: Oh, about $10K a year.

29. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Our engineering problem Performance Objective: –Limit deflection of tower to defined limit under a specified load using bracing –Design should be as efficient as possible (use least amount of material) Major Constraints: –Tower height is fixed –Tower plan (shape) is fixed –Fixed amount of materials –Functional constraints on bracing Slide courtesy of Dr. Kijewski-Correa

30. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Our engineering design process Five M paradigm –Measure –Model –Manipulate –Make Gather Data Develop Model Verify Model MODEL DEVELOPMENT Investigate Designs using Model Optimize Design Predict Behavior DESIGN STAGE Construct Design Experimentally Verify Behavior CONSTRUCTION & VERIFICATION

31. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Our engineering design process Slide courtesy of Dr. Kijewski-Correa Gather Data Develop Model Verify Model MODEL DEVELOPMENT Investigate Designs using Model Optimize Design Predict Behavior DESIGN STAGE Construct Design Experimentally Verify Behavior CONSTRUCTION & VERIFICATION

32. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame Force Displacement Repeated trials – what did you observe? Multiple versions of the same design: 14x6= 84 models tested – why test so many towers? How Our Data Was Collected Slide courtesy of Dr. Kijewski-Correa

33. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame What’s Next? Use a computer tool (theoretical model) to predict the behavior of a design –model tower deflection using SAP2000 What’s an empirical model and how do we build one? –and use this knowledge to build an empirical model for the tower from the data collected in the learning center Use another computer tool to simplify modeling and data analysis –use MATLAB to compare SAP2000 and measured results— much more efficient than punching numbers into a calculator! How can we cope with the uncertainty in a model in order to place a smart bet? –choose a bracing scheme for the tower that’s highly likely to be able to withstand the load... –without over-engineering it and unnecessarily increasing the cost Using "Laws of Nature" to Model a System 33

34. EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame EG 10111/10112 Introduction to Engineering Copyright © 2009 University of Notre Dame For next class Read Chapter 1 from Brockman’s book. Check Matlab videos http://www.screencast.com/usersIntroEngineering/folders/MATLAB Using "Laws of Nature" to Model a System 34