1. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/ Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I

2. ... or how to make sense out of Ch. 12 of the text...

3. Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types Tools and Technologies I

4. Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

5. lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler Tools and Technologies

6. range of variation statistical averages “fossil” “osteodontokeratic” the “Three Great Ages of Prehistoric Times” Important Concepts

8. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

9. Glossary osteo = "bone" osteodontokeratic

10. Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.) 11 th p. 388

11. Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 292

12. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" osteodontokeratic

13. http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm 11 th p. 315

14. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

15. Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 328

16. Devon Island, High Arctic Canada. www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html 10 th p. 321

17. Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

18. basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools Stone Tools and Technologies

19. tradition horizon Glossary

20. tradition horizon Glossary

21. similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area –site, locality or region tradition Glossary

22. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

23. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois” Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

24. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois” Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

25. 10 th p. 257 Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

26. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pctimes.html

27. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

28. Solutrean Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 132

29. Solutrean blade Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 304

30. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

31. Solutrean “laurel leaf” blade France Life Nature Library, Cro-Magnon, p. 60

32. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

33. Magdalenian Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 132

34. www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

35. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 298 Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving..

36. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 302 A modern example of an ancient idea..

37. tradition horizon Glossary

38. similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span horizon Glossary

39. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 11 th Ed., p. 393

40. characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon horizon marker Glossary

41. Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 491 Toltec serpentine columns Toltec chacmool

42. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 394 Mesoamerican archaeological sites mentioned in the text Toltec “Toltecized” Maya

43. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 11 th Ed., p. 393

44. flake tools core tools Glossary

45. flake tools the smaller pieces struck off of a stone Glossary

46. Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 351

47. Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 315 ClovisFolsomPlanoDalton

48. Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 327

49. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 315 North American Paleo-Indian and Archaic sites.

50. Burin. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 303

51. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

52. what is left over after a flake has been struck off of a stone core Glossary

53. Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 351

54. basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools Stone Tools and Technologies

56. #1 pebble tools

57. rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone), which creates a jagged edge, that serves as a chopping edge pebble tools aka “choppers” Glossary

58. Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominins. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 267 sometimes pebble tools are also known as “Oldowan choppers”

59. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowanstonetools.htm

60. #2 Core and flake tools are “bifacial handaxes”

61. Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

62. Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

63. Abbevillian aka “primitive” hand axes bifacial handaxes

64. www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

65. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115

67. Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

68. Acheulean bifacial handaxes

69. Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominins. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 267

70. Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Richard Effland, Maricopa CollegeMaricopa College

72. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 251 Hand axe (left) and cleaver (right), both basic Acheulian tradition tools

73. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 240 Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya.

74. Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

76. www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

77. www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified/clactonian_flake_tools.html

78. #3 blade tools

79. a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide a thin-edged fragment removed from a core blade tool Glossary

80. Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 289

81. Solutrean blade Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 304

82. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

83. having a notched edge or saw-like teeth serrated Glossary

85. with a furrow or groove fluted Glossary

86. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112 fluting

87. #4 microliths

88. small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths Glossary

89. small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths Glossary

91. Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 213

92. made of several parts e.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer... compound (composite) Glossary

95. Sickle with embedded row of small flint blades. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 337

96. European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve, Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 319

97. Mesolithic stone axes. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 333

98. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393. Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 328

99. with a “handle” hafted Glossary

100. Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 327

101. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm

102. Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 106

103. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114

107. “spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec) atlatl Glossary

108. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 298 Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving..

110. www.worldatlatl.org/

111. Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 292

112. Braidwood, Prehistoric Men 2 nd Ed. (Chicago Natural History Museum, 1951), p. 74

113. #5 chopper copping and flake tools

114. “chopper-chopping [flake] tools”... Glossary

118. Movius Line

119. Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7 th Ed., p. 334 Movius Line

120. To Class Slides Set 22 Next: Tools and Technologies II Making and Using Lithic Tools