1. Biodiversity for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security Emile Frison Director General, Bioversity International Biodiversity and Rural Development in ACP Countries Brussels, 10 March 2010

2. Hunger is increasing With the current global economic crisis, the food price crisis of 2007-2008 and climate change, reversing this trend will be a significant challenge

3. Malnutrition and famine 1020 million people hungry 1100 million people Overweight More than 1 person out of 3 is malnourished

4. Nutrition Hidden hunger: missing micronutrients –More than 2 billion worldwide –Mostly women and children Double burden: diseases of “affluence” –Type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, cancers

5. Diversity of Diet Diverse diet protects Indigenous/traditional species/varieties offer nutritional advantages Promote local agricultural biodiversity for improved diets and health  Also more sustainable

6. Focus on neglected species Wide range of species, not all cultivated Indigenous, locally adapted, environmentally friendly, nutritious Perceived as backward Abandoned by scientists and ignored by policy makers Bioversity has slowly promoted and expanded to build a global project

7. African leafy vegetables Per 100 gm Amaranth (leaf) CleomeNightshadeCabbage Iron mg 8.96.01.00.7 Calcium mg 41028844247 ß carotene ųg 5716104523660100

8. Kenya Partnered with Family Concern (NGO) and Uchumi Supermarkets Traditional leafy vegetables Seed supply and agronomy Training for cleaner, high- quality produce Leaflets to educate shoppers Sales increase 1100% in two years

9. Other Studies India: Nutritious “minor” millets –Small mills to reduce drudgery –Local entrepreneurs develop snacks and biscuits with low GI Bolivia –Andean grains

10. Climate Change

12. Adaptability Selection and adaptation require diversity New climates –New varieties – start breeding now –New crops – social factors unknown 202520502075 Overlap with historical climate100%0%

13. Safeguard the diversity we will need tomorrow: crop wild relatives Use existing data for accessions Combine with climate change GIS data Gap analysis to target collection in endangered areas

14. Intensification without Simplification

15. Resilience and Stability ecosystem property (e.g. production) time resistance resilience stability perturbation

16. Many examples Barley in East Germany Hay meadows in UK Prairie productivity in US Rice blast in China Hanfetz (barley-wheat) in Eritrea

17. 5 M Ha of mixed cropping in China

18. Thank you