1. INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY Jessica Robb

2. Definitions: “an economic philosophy that seeks to achieve sustainable development by modeling manufacturing processes after natural processes” (zero waste alliance) “an industrial ecosystem in which the use of energies and materials is optimized, wastes and pollution are minimized, and there is an economically viable role for every product of a manufacturing process.“ (Frosch and Gallopoulos) “'Industrial ecology' refers to the exchange of materials between different industrial sectors where the 'waste' output of one industry becomes the 'feedstock' of another. (Peck, Steven W.)

3. Goal of Industrial Ecology to achieve sustainability to minimize waste and pollution to optimize consumption of energy and materials waste of one process should serve as the raw materials for another process or other wise called: Industrial Ecosystems situations when a number of different companies, in close proximity, exchange waste outputs

4. Why an industrial ecosystem? lower raw material costs (e.g.: using recycled or reclaimed materials) production efficiency (e.g.: lower energy and water usage) reduced liability (e.g.: product safety, waste disposal) better industry / corporate image industrial / corporate ethics & social welfare

5. Open-loop Systems energy and resources input output of wastes use of coal in a coal fired generating station creates ash Industrial Ecosystems

6. Closed-loop Systems has interconnected feed and waste streams no net material resources consumed, or wastes generated input of energy, output of re-usable wastes Natural Ecosystem

7. Emergence of an Eco- Industrial Infrastructure

8. willing to join with other industries to strive for an eco-industrial infrastructure initiative to recycle waste to contribute as raw materials for other industries

9. to incorporate the use of materials by many different industries in a given area to transport goods and materials to other locations of industries.

10. materials used need to be supportive of an industrial ecology protecting the environment by changing production processes, or raw material movements.

11. interactions between different industries, through exchanging of raw materials, and waste

12. Industrial Ecology in Practice Kalundborg, Denmark an industrial ecosystem involving an oil refinery, a gyporc factory, a pharmaceutical firm, a fish farm, and a coal fired electrical power station, among others. exchange raw materials including sulfur, fly ash, and sludge reduced costs for waste disposal improved efficiency of resource use improved environmental performance

14. Other areas of Industrial Ecology: material and energy flow studies (industrial metabolism) technological change and the environment life-cycle planning, design and assessment eco-industrial parks eco-efficiency product –oriented environmental policy Design for the environment (eco-design)

15. References Chalfan, Larry. Industrial Ecology and Sustainability. Retrieved October 22, 2007 <http://top2.eli.oregonstate.edu /en/industrialecology.pdf Cote, R., Tansey, J., & Dale, A. (2006). Linking Industry and Ecology. Vancouver: UBC Press Gates, Alison. Sustainable Development. Retrieved October 21, 2007 International Society for Industrial Ecology. A History of Industrial Ecology. Retrieved October 25, 2007. Lowenthal, Micah D. & Kastenberg, William E. (1998) Industrial Ecology and Energy Systems: a first step. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 21, Issue 1, 51-63. Retrieved October 22, 2007 Manahan, Stanley E. (1999). Industrial Ecology: Environmental Chemistry and Hazardous Waste. United States of America: CRC Press LLC. Peck, Steven W. Industrial Ecology: From Theory To Practice. Retrieved October 25, 2007