2.  Evolution is the Change in the genetic material of a population of organisms from one generate to the next.  The Emergence of new species happen due to the accumulation of differences from one generation to another.

3.  The basis of Evolution is the genes that are passed on from generation to generation; these produce an organism’s inherited trait. These traits vary within populations with organisms showing heritable differences(variation) in their traits.  New variation arises in two main ways: ●Mutation. ●Genetic Recombination.

4.  The study of evolutionary biology began when research into the diversity of living organisms convinced most scientists that specious changed overtime. The mechanism driving these changes remained unclear until the theory or Natural Selection were independently proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace.

5.  An individual organism’s phenotype results from both its genotype and the influence from the environment it has lived in.  Variation comes from mutations in genetic material, migration between population and the reshuffling of genes through sexual reproduction, also it come from exchanges of genes between different species.

6.  Two major mechanisms determine which variants will become more common or rare in a populations. ●Natural Selection ●Genetic Drift

7.  Natural Selection is the process that causes helpful traits process to become more common in a population and causes harmful traits to become more rare. This occurs because individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce, meaning that more individuals in the next generation will inherit these traits.

9.  Genetic Drift, an independent process that produces random changes in the frequency of traits in a population. Genetic drift results from the role that chance plays in whether a given traits will be passed on as individual survive and reproduce.

10. ♦Natural Selection favor genes that improve capacity for survival and reproduction. Genetic drift is the random change in the frequency of allele caused by the random sampling of the generation’s gene during reproduction.

11. ♦ The relative importance of natural selection and genetic drift in a population varies depending on the strength of the selection and the effective population size, which is the number of individuals capable of breeding.

12. ♦ Natural selection usually predominates in large populations, while Genetic drift in small population. The dominance of genetic drift in small population can even lead to the fixation of slightly deleterious mutations.

13.  www. Wikipedia.com  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mutatio n_and_selection_diagram.svg  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drif t