1. Dr Guy Thomson, Room H338 g.p.c.thomson@warwick.ac.uk

2. Introduction Frank Tannenbaum, Peace by Revolution: an Interpretation of Mexico 1932 “folk modernisation” Moisés Saenz, México Integro (1937) Helen Delpar, The Enormous Vogue of Things Mexican. Cultural relations between the United States and Mexico, 1920-1935, University of Alabama Press, 1992

3. Modern Mexico, 1810 to the Present - “ Defensive modernisation” - Elite projects and popular resistance: external (William Schell Integral Outsiders The American Colony in Mexico City, 1876-1911 2001) internal (Florencia Mallon Peasant and Nation The Making of Post- Colonial Mexico and Peru, California, 1994). - Regions: (Lesley Byrd Simpson, Many Mexicos,1941) - The North: California, New Mexico, Chihuahua and Coahuila- Texas.... - The Centre: Guadalajara, Michoacán, Mexico, Puebla - The South: Oaxaca, Yucatan, Chiapas

4. Map of Mexico 1823

5. Bourbon (and Mexican) defensive projects Brian Hamnett’s Ch.5 “Destabilisation and fragmentation, 1770- 1867” A Concise History of Mexico - alliance with France 1776-1808 - Church reforms and Religion (Nancy Farris, Crown and Clergy in Bourbon Mexico, William Taylor Magistrates of the Sacred) - Defence of the Northern frontier, taxation and debt - Intendancies and Creole autonomy - Militias

6. Insurgency and Independence - 1808 “gachupín” coup against Viceroy José de Iturrigaray, 1808 - Creole autonomism and the Constitution of Cádiz, 1808-1814 - Popular insurgency 1810-1815 - Restoration of absolutism and Creole counter-revolution, 1814- 1820 - Restoration of the Constitution, the Plan de Iguala and the Army of Three Guarantees, 1820-21 (Independence, Church and Army, Spaniards and Mexicans)

7. Priests and the Insurgency Miguel Hidalgo y CostillaJosé María Morelos y Pavón

8. Agustín de Iturbide, 1783 – July 1824

9. Vicente Guerrero, 1782-1831

10. From Empire to Federal Republic, 1821-1824  Representation: Corporate or individual?  Monarchy or Republic ?  Carbonari: Claudio Linati, “El Iris” and the Lodges  President and Congress  Central or provincial ?  Antonio López de Santa Anna, Plan de Jalapa  Federal Constitution: República de los Estados Unidos de México (1824)

11. “Parties” Escocés Masonic Lodge, Aceites (Oaxaca), Moderados/Conservatives, Great Britain (Henry Ward) Yorkino Masonic Lodge, Vinagres (Oaxaca), Puros, the US (Joel Poinsett)

12. Elections Pablo Villavicencio complained in 1826 of the involvement of confraternities (cofradías) in elections in Antequera (Oaxaca): “…reuniones nocturnas que acostumbran concurrir a la casa de un devoto dueño de estandarte y algunos faroles que, como tal, es el capataz de cincuenta o sesenta, en cuya compañia sale resando el rosario por las calles y cantando a gritos el Ave María."

13. Policies (yorkinos/vinagres) Popular mobilisation and electoral preparations Nativism: Expulsion of Spaniards (Harold Sims, The Expulsion of Mexico’s Spaniards Pittsburgh, 1990) - Armed citizenship: National Militia - States’ rights: Federalism - The cries of artisans: Protectionism

14. Events  September 1828 Contested presidential election: Manuel Gómez Pedraza versus Vicente Guerrero  November 30 1828 Revolution of La Acordada led by Guerrero and Yorkinos  December 4 1828 Motín del Parían

15. Agustín Arrieta, Tertulia en una Pulquería (Puebla, 1851)

16. Agustín Arrieta, Escena popular de mercado con dama, n.d.