1. The term Romanesque applies to art from Western Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

2.  The crusades during this time resulted in people moving about which caused mingling of cultures and exchanging of ideas  There was a religious enthusiasm that characterized Romanesque art  Churches and sculptural decoration were principal activities during this time  Sculpture, like most art of the time, was used to help people understand religious teachings  A key location for a relief sculpture was above a doorway in an arch called the tympanum

3.  Known as one of the most beautiful Romanesque churches.

4.  The church has several sculpted tympanums, one of which is The Mission of the Apostles.  Christ is depicted sending his disciples to preach to the world. The Mission of the Apostles, Tympanum of center portal of narthex, Ste.-Madeleine, Vezelay, France. 1120-1132 A.D The Mission of the Apostles, Tympanum of center portal of narthex, Ste.-Madeleine, Vezelay, France. 1120-1132 A.D

5.  Tons of Romanesque churches stand today with most in France, Germany, and Italy.  The crossings, where the nave and transept intersect, are topped with towers or domes with lanterns (windows around the base of the dome to let in light.)

6.  Stone replaced wood used previously for roofs. This added a lot of weight to the ceiling. To counterbalance this weight, architects used buttresses.  Buttress- a massive support built against a wall to create support for a roof or arch.

7.  Also due to the heavy stone, windows were used sparingly to prevent further weakening of the walls. Therefore, the churches were very dark.  Campanile-bell tower adjacent to a church or cathedral. Most famous campanile…  The Leaning Tower of Pisa!

8. Worms Cathedral  Worms, Germany  Fortress-like  Simple, geometric forms  Very castle-like

9.  Toulouse, France  Extremely large  Made of brick instead of stone  Bell tower has Romanesque and Gothic style arches and is topped with a spire

10.  Poitiers, France  Low and wide church  Small windows create a dark interior  Exterior has even more sculptures than most Romanesque churches  Pine cone shaped  towers

11.  Braubach, Gremany  Last standing castle located on the Rhine River  Church like with small windows, thick stone walls, and towers.