1. Jason Hamilton Thomas J. Pfaff

3. Glacier Pair Images http://www.windows.ucar.edu/teacher_resources/glac ier_then_now.pdf

4. A Look at Global Temperature T(x)=0.0005x 2 -0.00527x+57.137 F T’(x)=0.001x-0.00527 F/year x years after 1950 T(58)= 58.51 F and T’(58)=0.0528 F/year In 2008 the average global temperature was 58.51 deg F and increasing at a rate of 0.0528 deg F per year. - Now Ask a Question About This-

5. National Academies Report: Climate Change The rising temperature observed since 1978 are particularly noteworthy because the rate of increase is so high and because, during the same period, the energy reaching the Earth from the Sun had been measured precisely enough to conclude that Earth’s warming was not due to changes in the Sun. -March 2006

6. Temperature Predictions T(100)=61.60 F and T(150)=67.61 F The model predicts that in 2050 the average temperature will be 61.6 deg F, and in 2100 it will be 67.61 deg F, an increase of 3.49 and 9.48 deg F, respectively, since 2000. –Now Ask a Question About This-

7. More Temperature Predictions Using T’(58)=.0528 F/year If global temperatures continue to increase at current rates, then by 2050 there will be an increase of 2.61 deg F and by 2100 there will be an increase of 5.24 deg F since 2000. The average global temperature in those years will be 60.73 and 63.37, respectively.

9. -National Academies Report on Climate Change (March 2006)

11. Summary of Sea Ice 1980 Max: 16.13 msk, x=2.59 Min: 7.86 msk, x=8.79 Inf: -2.20 msk/month, x=6.44 Melt Period: 6.20 months 2008 Max: 15.11 msk, x=2.26 Min: 5.40 msk, x=8.80 Inf: -2.84 msk/month, x=6.77 Melt Period: 6.54 months

12. Who Cares?  Heat content of atmosphere & hydrosphere  Air Temperature &  Water Temperature  Ice

13. Spatial Extent? Thickness? Timing of thaw? Timing of re-freeze? Ice characteristics?

19. January Sept March June Thaw Freeze Shrink Grow Males

21. January Sept March June Thaw Freeze Den Females Leave den Cubs Mate

25. So Who Cares? We Do. ?

27. Questions? Jason: jhamilton@ithaca.edu Tom: tpfaff@ithaca.edu Partly supported by NSF DUE-0837721