1. South Kingstown High School Kenny Chappell Trevor Hosley Catherine Jones Andrew Sharkey Stephen Vincelette

2. BzTPPBr Melting Point: 295°C Appearance: Off-white solid Molecular Formula: C 25 H 22 PBr Molecular Weight: 433.32 amu Solubility: Reacts Contact with water liberates toxic gas

3. Phosphonium Salt Uses Phase transfer catalysts Tumor imaging Antioxidant Suppress reproduction of influenza virus A (H2N2)

8. Plasmid Electrophoresis Lane 1: Cut DNA without binding agent Lane 2: Cut DNA with binding agent Lane 3: Native DNA without binding agent Lane 4: Native DNA with binding agent Lane 5: Ladder Approximate Number of Base Pairs: Lane 1: 1490 bp Lane 2: 1430 bp Lane 3: 1500 bp, 1290 bp Lane 4: 1500 bp, 1290 bp

9. Approximate Number of Base Pairs: E: 1390 bp EB10: 1400 bp X: 1430 bp, 1230 bp XB10: 1480 bp, 1250 bp EB15: 1480 bp XB15: 1500 bp, 1270 bp

10. Plasmid Electrophoresis with Alternate Concentration Lane 1: Cut DNA without binding agent Lane 2: Cut DNA with 10 µl binding agent Lane 3: Native DNA without binding agent Lane 4: Native DNA with µl binding agent Lane 5: Ladder Lane 6: Cut DNA with 15 µl of binding agent Lane 7: Native DNA with 15 µl of binding agent Approximate Number of Base Pairs: Lane 1: 1490 bp Lane 2: 1430 bp Lane 3: 1500 bp, 1290 bp Lane 5: 1480 bp, 1250 bp Lane 6: 1480 bp Lane 7: 1500 bp, 1270 bp

11. Plasmid Electrophoresis with High Concentrations of Binding Agent Lanes 1 and 2: Cut DNA with 25 µl of binding agent Lanes 3 and 4: Cut DNA with 50 µl of binding agent Lanes 5 and 6: Cut DNA with 100 µl of binding agents

12. Distance and Energy Levels - Intercolation Distance (Å)Energy (kcal/mol) Unoptimized 11.845-310.678 Optimized 11.769-344.349 Unoptimized 9.257-344.414 Optimized 9.208-365.218 Unoptimized 5.492-366.421 Optimized 5.482382.605 Unoptimized 4.32476847589.71 Optimized 4.62-386.675 Unoptimized 1.0515.42756E+13 Optimized 3.4211107.211 Unoptimized 1.3211.49461E+12 Optimized 2.324-155.291

13. Distance and Energy Levels - Major Groove Distance (Å)Energy (kcal/mol) Unoptimized 21.88712408.013 Optimized 22.742-84.924 Unoptimized 15.723-85.325 Optimized 16.147-102.741 Unoptimized 8.029-92.439 Optimized 8.036-143.485 Unoptimized 1.0276830.024 Optimized 2.308-175.409 Unoptimized 0.545960436.167 Optimized 2.1-169.831

14. Distance and Energy Levels - Minor Groove Distance (Å)Energy (kcal/mol) Unoptimized 11.54624827.785 Optimized 11.608-85.585 Unoptimized 4.962-86.042 Optimized 5.063-102.269 Unoptimized 1.544204.203 Optimized 2.605-109.575 Unoptimized 0.7791112801.929 Optimized 2.882-122.368

15. Discussion Change in melting point of approximately 2.5°C Electrophoresis does not show binding Hyperchem shows unzipping when molecule is placed in minor groove Electrophoresis with cut genomic DNA More systematic melting point study at different concentrations Use marker gene to label molecule

16. Thank you Dr. Tiskus and Dr. Williams