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Chapter 31 Human Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica Migration & Conquest
Objective: Analyze features of human geography in Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica
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Chapter 31 Section 1 Southeast Asia
Vocabulary: Mandala, Khmer Empire, Indochina, Vietnam War, & ASEAN Objective: Examine Southeast Asia’s history of diversity
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Long History of Diversity
China & India influenced ancient Southeast Asia Chinese art, technology, political ideas, & ethical beliefs Hinduism & Buddhism spread from India & influenced religion & art in much of Southeast Asia Mandalas – states organized as rings of power around a central court Khmer Empire ruled from Cambodia in Southeast Asia from 9th to 15th century
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Colonialism & Its Aftermath
By the 20th century, most of Southeast Asia was colonized by the Europeans The Europeans forced colonies to produce commodities like rubber, sugar, rice, tea, & coffee Japanese had control of the region during WWII After the war, they sough independence Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam) controlled by the French struggled for independence Vietnam War: US tried to prevent communism in South Vietnam, the US eventually withdrew their troops
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An Uneven Economy People of Southeast Asia depend mostly on agriculture for income Rice is a profitable commodity ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) an alliance that promotes economic growth & peace in the region Other importance industries include textiles, clothing, & electronic products
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A Rich Mosaic of Culture
Southeast Asia has a religious diversity with Buddhism, Catholic, Muslim, & Hinduism Buddhism & Hinduism influence art & architecture especially in Angkor Wat (Cambodia) Most Southeast Asians live in rural villages & follow traditional lifestyles However, more are moving into cities & leading more modern lives
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Chapter 31 Section 2 Oceania
Vocabulary: Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Subsistence Activities, Copra, & Taro Objective: Explain the Oceania region
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A History of the Islands
For thousands of years, their descendants continued to migrate Oceania is divided into three regions (Micronesia, Melanesia, & Polynesia) European settlers set up plantations to grow coconuts, coffee, pineapples, & sugar Some islands were destroyed during WWII & with nuclear testing
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A Traditional Economy
Subsistence Activities: family produces only the food, clothing, & shelter they need for themselves Major crops for agriculture include banana, sugar, cocoa, & coffee Fishing is also a major source of income Tourism has become very important to the economy of Oceania
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Culture of the Islands 1100 languages are spoken in Oceania
Christianity is the most widely spread religion however some practice their traditional religion Two distinct ways of life exist on the islands (traditional & modern)
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Chapter 31 Section 3 Australia, New Zealand, & Antarctica
Vocabulary: Penal Colony, Aboriginal People, Maori, Treaty of Waitangi, & Pakeha Objective: Explain how Australia & New Zealand became European outposts
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History: Distant European Outposts
Great Britain established Sydney as a penal colony (place to send prisoners) Aboriginal People migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40,000 years ago New Zealand was first settled by the Maori Treaty of Waitangi gave Britain control over New Zealand When gold was discovered, thousands of British went to Australia & New Zealand, most stayed there
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Modern Nations Australia & New Zealand remains apart of the British Commonwealth New Zealanders have a long tradition of concern for equal rights & the welfare of its citizens Australia & New Zealand prospered by exporting food products & wool to the United Kingdom They have also developed industry & other manufacturing services Antarctica is preserved for research
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Distinctive Cultures & Modern Life
Most Australians are British descent but that proportion is changing because of high rates of immigration New Zealand’s culture is a blend of British & Maori ways 85% of people live in cities & towns in Australia & New Zealand They are also well known for their recreational outdoor sports (swimming, tennis, rugby, cricket, & soccer)
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