1. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions XixuanJin, Ph.D. Chief Scientist ， Joyvio Group

2. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions By the late 1980s, the cultivated area of blueberry in American had reached nearly 200,000 hectares. Blueberry produced in the US not only meets its own needs, and has also been exported to Canada, Japan, China Taiwan and European countries. Currently, there are nearly 20 countries and regions worldwide which have begun industrialized blueberry cultivation. China has introduced over 100 blueberry varieties mainly from America and Japan and adaptable for the climatic conditions across the country. 2 Domestic and international blueberry cultivation

3. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions Domestic and international blueberry cultivation In 1983, Professor Li Yadong at Jilin Agricultural University took the lead in China to carry out the introduction and cultivation of blueberries. By the end of 2013, China's blueberry acreage had reached 15,000- 16,000 hectares, mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shandong, Anhui, and other 11 provinces (autonomous regions). Qingdao is China's most concentrated area for blueberry production and has a blueberry cultivation area of ​​ nearly 4,000 hectares. 3

4. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. Postharvest cold storage of blueberry: Problems Pre-cooling technologies lagged behind Short storage life Market calls for“Ready-to-Eat”blueberries 4 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

5. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. The purpose of the pre-cooling: quickly remove field heat, reduce disease incidence and facilitate cold storage. Rot damages caused by inadequate pre-cooling can reach as high as 30-50%. The main pathogens are Botrytis spp and Rhizopus spp. They may continue to grow at lower temperatures. Botrytis may grow at or even below 0 ℃. 5 1. Pre-cooling Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

6. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. Development of pre-cooling technology Large vacuum cooling machine: This machine can pre-cool a variety of fruits and vegetables with high efficiency. It may pre-cool large amount of fresh produce up to 5 cubic meters. Energy consumption is very high. Large mobile pre-cooling machine: This machine is suitable for field harvesting and container transportation. However, it is not cost effective, and doesn’t fit the needs of today’s blueberry industry in rural China. 6 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

7. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. A miniature cooling machine 7 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

8. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 2. Short storage life (1)MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE: The so-called modified atmosphere is proportional adjustments of the atmosphere composition, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and relative humidity in a storage facility to extend the storage life of fruits and vegetables. (2)Cai Songsong, Engineer in Post Harvest Management at Qingdao Wallen Blueberry Fruit Co., Ltd. has made considerable contributions in this area. 8 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

9. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 9 气调贮藏 -1 试验结果（ 2010 年） 保鲜方式 不同贮藏时间的好果率 / % 30 天 45 天 60 天 75 天 气调贮藏 10098.597.593.7 保鲜袋 10090.780.4 保鲜方式 贮藏 60 天，暂存期与货架期对比 / % 10 ℃成品库 3 天 10 ℃成品库 6 天 常温 1 天常温 2 天 气调贮藏 100 95 86 保鲜袋 9577 61 品种 不同品种气调贮藏 60 天品质对比 / % SSC 酸度糖酸比 采收贮藏采收贮藏采收贮藏 蓝丰 12.712.30.280.214559 达柔 11.010.30.38 2927 埃利奥特 10.810.40.850.8113 贮藏期间损耗率 / % 贮 40 天贮 60 天 气调贮藏 0.2030.362 保鲜袋 3.61 气调贮藏 75 d ，保鲜袋贮藏 30-35 d 气调贮藏 60 d 低温暂存与常温货架较好，保 鲜袋贮藏 60d ，效果较差，贮藏期过长 气调贮藏蓝莓能保持果实内部品质。 气调贮藏重量损耗低。 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

10. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 10 气调贮藏 -2 试验结果（ 2011 年） 贮藏第 83 天（ 12 周），硬度较好，好果率达 92.5% 。 国际贮藏周期 6 周 智利最长 60 天（ Claudio 智利 专家） Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

11. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 11 气调贮藏 -3 8 吨生产小试（ 2011 年） 生产分选包装结果 贮藏时间 55 天（ 9 月 2 日），原料总体硬度、饱满度、好果情况较好，生产机械分级包装平 均成品率为 92% ，远远高于 7 、 8 月份硅窗袋贮藏原料平均成品率 84% 。 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

12. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 12 气调贮藏 -4 8 吨生产小试（ 2011 年） 气调贮藏原料车间抽检结果（车间统计数据） 销售追踪 九月初市场缺货，走货快。双层反射膜打包，北京到货软果较多，达 10% ，长期贮藏的原 料经机械分级、包装或物流导致；上海到货果粉、状态等品质良好。 基地 不同次品类型比例 / % 总计 烂果软果鸟啄果蛛网 西尚沟 2.6%000 臧家庄 2.3%000 臧家庄 B2.9%01.2%1.5%5.6% 长阡沟 2.8%01.0%1.4%5.2% 臧家庄 B2.3%00.5%1.9%4.7% 西寨 2.9%02.4%1.2%6.5% 西安子 2.2%4.6%0.8%07.6% 平均值 2.6%0.7%0.8%0.9%4.9% Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

13. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 3 、 The market needs ready- to –eat blueberries Ready to eat fruit and vegetables are becoming the new darling of the market, and a lot of open bag “read-to-eat” fruits and vegetables are in almost every supermarket in the developed countries. However, there is much less R & D works in China. 13 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

14. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 14 Apples Day 21Apples Day10Apples Day 1 Edible coatings work well in protecting processed fruit and vegetables Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

15. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 15 Carrots Day 1 Carrots Day 10Carrots Day 21 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

16. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 16 Lettuce Day 14Lettuce Day 7Lettuce Day 1 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

17. © 2013 JOYVIO. All rights reserved. 17 Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

18. 谢谢