2. The Cold War

3. The end of WWII caused major changes:

4. 1. Europe is no longer the world’s dominant power

5. The USA and the USSR have become superpowers.

6. 2. The world has entered…...the nuclear age

7. Tension was caused by...

8. 1. Fear

9. 2. Mistrust

10. 3. Rivalry

11. Despite his promise of free elections in the occupied countries, Stalin imposed Communist governments.

12. ? Poland Czechos... Hungary Yugoslavia Albania Romania Bulgaria

13. The Soviet Zone of Germany became East Germany.

14. West Berlin remained part of West Germany.

15. Berlin at the Start of the Cold War

16. A City Divided

17. In 1946, there were 2 famous speeches which proclaimed the existence of the Cold War.

18. 1. “… two hostile camps. ” Stalin predicted WW3 between the rich capitalists and the working class

19. " A shadow has fallen upon the scene so lately lighted by the Allied victory. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. 2. “… the iron curtain. ” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2PUIQpAEAQ&safety_mode=true&persist _safety_mode=1&safe=active

20. The following year, Harry S. Truman declared The Truman Doctrine

21. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.

22. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.

23. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

24. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

25. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.

26. The US should offer financial and military aid to stop communist expansion around the world

27. This is the policy of containment

28. ...a policy adopted by the US to stop the spread of communism from outside the USSR’s borders

29. Peace Freedom Wealth

30. In 1947, US Secretary of State George Marshall announced The Marshall Plan – a program of financial assistance to European countries devastated by WW2

31. But these loans had conditions. The US demanded…. To see the economic records… …so the US could see their needs To see the plan the countries have for using the money

32. WHY such generosity?

33. 1. To help European reconstruction

34. 2. To encourage democracy

35. 3.

36. 4. Create new markets for American products

37. 5. Avoid global economic recession

38. 6. Stimulate the American economy

39. $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The US injects money into Europe which in turn buys goods from the US

40. The Soviets are threatened by this American money and their expansion of capitalism

41. Down with international capitalism

42. Molotov the same Soviet foreign minister who made a pact with the Nazis…

43. ...created the Molotov Plan for the communist countries of eastern Europe

44. The USSR doesn’t provide money like the US, but it guarantees trade between nations

45. The Berlin Blockade

46. In 1948, GB, France and the US agree to economic and political reforms in their respective zones in West Germany

47. In other words… A) Economic = Capitalism B) Political = Democracy

48. Stalin is furious

49. He orders a blockade around all of West Berlin’s access points…

50. 1. River

51. 2. Road autobahn

52. 3. Rail

53. Stalin cuts off the 2.1 million inhabitants of West Berlin to stop the creation of West Germany

54. In turn, the Allies imposed a blockade on exports of goods to the Soviet sector.

55. Contrary to the predictions of Stalin, the blockade strengthens the connection between West Berlin and the Allies.

56. The US and GB organized an air lift. Thousands of tons of supplies are flown in around the clock for 11 months

59. In May1949, the three Allied sectors form West Germany with Bonn as its capital

60. In October 1949, the Soviet sector became East Germany with Berlin as its capital