1. Opening Based on what you know about European colonization of the Americas, hypothesize some effects it might have on Africa. Complete sentences

2. European Colonization Where the trouble began...?

3. Today’s Standard(s) The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. f. Analyze strengths and weaknesses in the development of Sub-Saharan Africa; include factors such as linguistic, tribal, and religious diversity; literacy levels; and the colonial legacy.

4. Early Contact Euro. explorers arrived in the 1400s as Euro. settled Amer., workers were needed, Africans sold into slavery to fill labor need Euro. bought slaves from African leaders with manufactured goods, usually guns known as the gun- slave cycle exploration of the African continent by Europeans began in 1795

5. Colonization w/ tales of Af. beauty & treasures, Euro. scrambled to claim territories settled conflicts among themselves w/ Berlin Conference in 1884- 1885 & divided up Africa while avoiding conflicts w/ one another drew boundaries w/o regard for landforms, climate regions, cultures, ethnic groups, migration paths, etc in order to occupy a possession, the nation had to prove that they controlled sufficient authority except Liberia & Ethiopia all African countries were under European rule by 1900

6. Colonization Cont. Major players @ Berlin Conf.:France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal Great Britain desired a Cape-to-Cairo collection of colonies France took much of western Africa Portugal took Mozambique and Angola Italy's holdings = Somalia and a portion of Ethiopia. Germany took Namibia and Tanzania Spain claimed smallest territory - Equatorial Guinea

7. Colonial Case Study and Independence The Belgian Congo

8. was once property of King Leopold II of Belgium treated it as personal property & treated the people as slaves exploited wild rubber for his own financial gain under Leopold’s rule 1/2 of region’s population died 1908 turned over to Belgian gov’t & conditions improved

9. Belgian Congo Cont. 1960 gained independence violence & unrest followed few Africans trained in gov’t, education, or service industries 1971 military dictator Mobutu Sese Seko comes to power changed the country’s name to Zaire 1997 democratic gov’t came to power changed name to Dem. Rep. Of Congo

10. Independence struggle for independence began as soon as Europeans arrived after WWII pressure for independence grew 1st country to gain independence was Libya in 1951 today all African countries are again independent

11. Left over Problems European political boundaries remain problems caused by current political boundaries: mixing of ethnic groups landlocked states only 1 climate in a country, limiting agriculture most Africans want democracy, but some leaders say a one party system can achieve goals faster unrest, & revolutions often threaten some African countries

12. Exit Ticket Answer this question in 5-8 sentences. Explain how the European Colonization has impacted Africa today