3. Click on a lesson name to select. Mammals Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics Section 2: Diversity of Mammals

4. Hair and Mammary Glands  Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands. Mammalian Characteristics Mammals Section 1

5. Mammals Section 1

6. Functions of Hair 1. Insulation Mammals 2. Camouflage 3. Sensory devices 4. Waterproofing 5. Signaling 6. Defense Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

7. Other Characteristics  Endothermy Mammals  Source of body heat is internal.  Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.  Body temperature is regulated by internal feedback mechanisms. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

8. Feeding and Digestion  Daily intake of food is used to generate heat to maintain a constant body temperature. Mammals Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

9. Mammals Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

10. Mammals Section 1

11. Trophic Categories 1. Insectivores Mammals 2. Herbivores 3. Carnivores 4. Omnivores Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

12. Teeth  Reveal the life habits of a mammal Mammals  Carnivores use canines to stab and premolars to slice and shear meat.  Incisors of insectivores are long and curved, functioning as pincers in seizing insect prey. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

13. Excretion  Kidneys excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids. Mammals  Enables mammals to live in extreme environments Mammalian Characteristics Section 1 Mammals

14. Respiration  High levels of oxygen are required to maintain a high level of metabolism. Mammals  Mammals are the only animals that have a diaphragm. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

15. Circulation  Mammals require a consistent supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis. Mammals  Keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

16. The Brain and Senses  Mammals have highly developed brains. Mammals  Cerebral cortex is responsible for coordinating conscious activities, memory, and the ability to learn.  Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordinating movement. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

17. Complex Behavior Senses Mammals  The importance of the senses varies from one group of mammals to the next. Glands  A system of glands secretes a variety of fluids that helps to regulate a mammal’s internal environment. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

18. Reproduction  In mammals, the egg is fertilized internally. Mammals  Development of the embryo takes place in the female uterus. Movement  Mammals must find food, shelter, and escape from predators. Mammalian Characteristics Section 1

19. Mammal Classification  Monotremes Diversity of Mammals Mammals  Marsupials  Placental mammals Section 2

20. Mammals Monotremes  Reproduce by laying eggs  Duck-billed platypus  Echidna Diversity of Mammals Section 2

21. Marsupials  Very short period of development in the uterus Mammals  Crawl into a pouch made of skin and hair and continue development while being nourished by milk from the mother’s mammary glands Diversity of Mammals Section 2

22. Placental Mammals  Give birth to young that do not need further development within a pouch Mammals  Represented by 18 orders Diversity of Mammals Section 2

23. Mammals Diversity of Mammals Section 2

24. Mammals Section 2 Table 30.2 Order of Placental Mammals

25. Evolution of Mammals Mammals Diversity of Mammals Section 2

26. Therapsids  A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both mammalian and reptilian features. Mammals  Pair of holes in the roof of the skull that allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles  Limbs positioned beneath their bodies  Might have been endotherms Diversity of Mammals Section 2

27. Mammals Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature. Chapter connected.mcgraw-hill.com

28. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CDQ 1 Name the term that refers to a mammal’s ability to produce heat internally. A. endoderm B. endothermy C. ectoderm D. ectothermy Mammals Chapter Diagnostic Questions Chapter

29. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CDQ 2 Mammals Chapter Diagnostic Questions What classification of mammals reproduces by laying eggs? A. marsupial B. placental mammal C. monotreme D. therapsid Chapter

30. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CDQ 3 Mammals Chapter Diagnostic Questions A mammal’s period of gestation refers to what? A.amount of time the young stays with its herd B.amount of time the young stays in the uterus C.amount of time the young drinks its mother’s milk D.amount of time for the young to mature enough to reproduce Chapter

31. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 1 Mammals Which characteristics distinguish mammals from other vertebrates? A.kidneys and a cloaca B.mammary glands and hair C.a high metabolic rate and limbs D.a four-chambered heart and endothermy Section 1 Formative Questions Chapter

32. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 2 Mammals What is the tough, fibrous protein that makes up hair, nails, claws, and hooves? A. urea B. keratin C. cellulose D. collagen Chapter Section 1 Formative Questions

33. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 3 Mammals What is the source of body heat for mammals? A. hibernation B. insulation C. metabolism D. respiration Chapter Section 1 Formative Questions

34. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 4 Mammals Which part of the brain is more highly developed in mammals than in other animals? A. cerebrum B. hypothalamus C. medulla D. optic lobe Chapter Section 1 Formative Questions

35. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 5 Mammals What is a group of cells that secretes fluid to be used elsewhere in the body? A. a bladder B. a duct C. a gland D. an organ Chapter Section 1 Formative Questions

36. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 6 Mammals Which mammals have reptilian features, such as laying eggs? A. cetaceans B. marsupials C. monotremes D. sirenians Chapter Section 2 Formative Questions

37. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 7 Mammals Which mammals use their two pairs of razor-sharp incisor teeth to gnaw through wood, seed pods, or shells to get food? A. artiodactyls B. insectivores C. lagomorphs D. rodents Chapter Section 2 Formative Questions

38. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 8 Mammals Which animals are cetaceans? A. deer and goats B. moles and shrews C. dolphins and whales D. manatees and dugongs Chapter Section 2 Formative Questions

39. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 9 Mammals Why did mammals undergo extraordinary adaptations to the environment after the disappearance of dinosaurs? A. They had new niches available to them. B. They were able to survive the ice age. C. They were no longer prey to dinosaurs. D. They no longer competed with dinosaurs. Chapter Section 2 Formative Questions

40. 1.A 2.B CAQ 1 Mammals The graph shows that large animals such as elephants have a high metabolic rate. A. True B. False Chapter Assessment Questions Chapter

41. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CAQ 2 Mammals Chapter Assessment Questions Select the mammal that is a member of the order Chiroptera. A. hedgehog B. ape C. anteater D. bat Chapter

42. Compare the digestive tracts of the deer and the fox. Infer why the deer’s digestive tract is so much longer. Answer: It takes longer and is more difficult to digest plant material than meat. Mammals Chapter Assessment Questions CAQ 3 Chapter

43. 1.A 2.B STP 1 Mammals Which animal eats the least amount of food as a percentage of its body mass? A. elephant B. shrew Standardized Test Practice Chapter

44. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 2 Mammals Standardized Test Practice A.Its body loses heat quickly. B.It has a short digestive tract. C.It carries out complex behavior. D.It produces milk for its offspring. Why is a high metabolic rate necessary for the shrew’s survival? Chapter

45. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 3 Mammals Standardized Test Practice How does a herbivore’s digestive tract compare to the digestive tract of this carnivore? An herbivore will have… A.a shorter digestive tract and a smaller cecum. B.a shorter digestive tract and a larger cecum. C.a longer digestive tract and a larger cecum. D.a longer digestive tract and a smaller cecum. Chapter

46. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 4 Mammals Standardized Test Practice How do ruminants benefit from having bacteria in their stomachs? A. They can be omnivorous. B. They can digest meat. C. They can filter urea. D. They can process cellulose. Chapter

47. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 5 Mammals Standardized Test Practice Which teeth are more highly developed in a mountain lion? A. canines B. incisors C. molars D. premolars Chapter

48. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 6 Mammals Standardized Test Practice What is believed to have caused the isolation of marsupials’ ancestors to Australia and nearby islands? A. adaptive radiation B. continental drift C. habitat destruction D. reproductive isolation Chapter

49. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 7 Mammals Standardized Test Practice What competitive adaptive advantage do placental mammals have over marsupials? A. a more highly developed digestive system B. a pair of holes in the roof of the skull C. limbs positioned beneath their bodies D. more highly evolved social behavior Chapter

50. Glencoe Biology Transparencies Mammals Chapter

51. Image Bank Mammals Chapter

52. mammary gland diaphragm cerebral cortex cerebellum gland uterus placenta gestation Mammals Vocabulary Section 1

53. monotreme marsupial placental mammal therapsid Mammals Vocabulary Section 2

54. Mammals Animation  Visualizing the Digestive Systems of Mammals Visualizing the Digestive Systems of Mammals Chapter

55. Mammals Chapter