1. Frontier Wars in Texas
The Peace Policy

2. West Texas Forts of the 1870’s

3. U.S. Army vs. Indians Too few men Familiar land
Inexperienced in frontier warfare
Forts too wide spread
Too few supplies
Familiar land
Skillful warriors
Rapid fire bow/arrow
Torture and Ambush

4. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek, Ks.

5. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas - 1867
Indians move to reservations
US gov’t would provide food, supplies, & education/religious training
Indian council could rule
Not under Army jurisdiction
No Anglo buffalo hunts south of Arkansas River
white man had restricted access to the area

6. Peace Policy Problems Many tribes not present
Indians unwilling to change
Indians’ pride
Corrupt Indian agents

7. Was sent to the TX frontier to deal with the problem
Result:
1871 – Gen. Sherman
Was sent to the TX frontier to deal with the problem

8. Fort Richardson
Officers Quarters
Infirmary

9. I love the land and the buffalo and will not part with it.
The buffalo is our money. . .our cattle given to us by the Great Father above.

10. Buffalo Hunters
A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides.
They killed the Native Americans buffalo which forced some Native Americans to leave the reservation and raid white settlements

11. Killing for Sport
Analyze natives’ reactions . . .

12. Rath brothers’ market for buffalo hides
“For the sake of a lasting peace, let them kill and sell until the buffalo are exterminated.” Gen. Philip Sheridan

13. 1871 – Salt Creek Massacre
Chiefs: Satanta, Satank, Big Tree Med. Man: Mamanti & pet owl
Sherman: last stop Ft.Richardson; 1st to cross Salt Crk. Prairie
2nd wagon train was attacked
Result: Peace Policy (treaty) ended

14. Battle of Adobe Walls June, 1874
War chief - Quanah Parker
Medicine man - Isa-tai
Location: Tx. panhandle
800 (?) Indians/30 buffalo hunters
Indians were defeated, angered
Increased Indian raids

15. Adobe Walls

16. Red River Campaign August, 1874
Col. Ranald Mackenzie
4th Cavalry, 3,000 soldiers
Persistently searched Tx. Panhandle
Maj. John B. Jones, Frontier Battalion
Protected frontier settlers
6 months - 15 battles

17. Palo Duro Canyon

18. Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Sept. 1874
Tonkawa scouts led 4th Cavalry
Comanches fled
Army destroyed Indians’ food, tepees, horses
Col. Ranald Mackenzie

19. Fort Sill, Indian Territory
Kwahadi Comanches last to give up
Chief Quanah Parker
Surrendered June 1875

20. Quanah Parker
AFTER
BEFORE

21. Buffalo Soldiers
**African American soldiers who guarded the Texas frontier after the Civil War.**
They scouted, mapped, and built roads between the settled and unsettled areas of the state.
They also patrolled the frontier, protecting settlers from Native American raids.

22. Texas was not a safe place to live…
After the Indian Wars
Texas was not a safe place to live…
Cattle thieves were common
Outlaws robbed stagecoaches and trains
Ranchers fought over land
Violence against Mexican Americans and African Americans was on the rise
Mexican bandits raided Texas towns

23. Texas Rangers
Were called upon to bring the law back to Texas.