1. 1. What does V-E Day stand for. -Victory in Europe 2
1. What does V-E Day stand for? -Victory in Europe 2. What does V-J Day stand for? -Victory in Japan 3. At what conference did Stalin promise Roosevelt free elections in Eastern Europe? -Yalta Conference 4. At what conference did Truman demand Stalin allow free elections? -Potsdam Conference 5. What did Winston Churchill say divided Europe? -Iron Curtain 6. What document did the US issues promising to stop the spread of communism? -Truman Doctrine 7-8. What two mutual defense alliances were formed in Europe after WWII? -NATO -Warsaw Pact 9. What did the US develop economically in an effort to stop the spread of communism into Western Europe? -Marshall Plan 10. What international organization was formed to ensure world peace and security? -United Nations

2. Post-World War II Settlements
Unit VIII

3. Postwar Settlements World heavily damaged by WWII
Over 60 million people died
Soviets alone lost 20 million
Tens of millions of people displaced
Massive population shift
Germans fled Russian advance
Soviets pillaged, raped civilians
12 million German, Soviet POWs returned home
Survivors of death camps wanted to go home

4. Postwar Settlements Cold War between US and Soviets began
Divided global population
Political, ideological, economic struggle
Necessity of defeating Axis held Allies together
Tensions persisted
Soviets upset over delay opening second front
Differences in opinion over post-war settlements

5. Postwar Settlements Tensions evident during wartime conferences
Yalta Conference-February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Soviets agreed to enter war against Japan
Free elections to determine governments in occupied nations
Potsdam Conference-August 1945
Truman, Atlee, Stalin
Discussed occupation of Germany, Austria
Truman insisted Stalin honor Yalta agreement
Refused and installed communist governments in Eastern Europe

6. Postwar Settlements
Territorial divisions reflected split between US and Soviets
Soviets took over eastern Germany
Included capital of Berlin
US, Britain, France occupied western portions
Berlin remained under control of all four powers
Churchill proclaimed an “iron curtain” had descended on Europe
Divided Europe
Eastern Europe-communist
Western Europe-capitalist
Similar division occurred in Asia
US occupied Japan
Korea split between US and Soviets

7. Postwar Settlements
President Truman issued Truman Doctrine in March 1947
In response to crisis in Greece, Turkey
Promised US aid to any nation resisting communism
US now committed to policy of containing communism
Sent money to Greece, Turkey
Provided military aid to allies

8. Global Reconstruction
US developed Marshall Plan
Shore up destroyed infrastructure of Europe
Forestall Soviet influence
Provided more than $13 billion
Soviets claimed capitalist imperialism
Refused to allow eastern Europe to accept money
Countered with COMECON
Offered increase in trade with Soviet Union and eastern Europe

9. Global Reconstruction
US sponsored creation of NATO
Signaled militarization of Cold War
Regional military alliance against Soviet aggression
Intent was to maintain peace in Europe through mutual defense
Soviets formed Warsaw Pact as counter-measure
Matched collective defense of NATO

10. Global Reconstruction
US and Soviets agreed on creation of United Nations (UN)
International organization designed to keep world peace
Derived from Allied cooperation in WWII
Final charter created in 1945
Dedicated to preserving international peace and security
Promoted friendly relations among nations

11. Reading Read the UN’s Declaration of Human Rights
Answer the three Reading Review Questions, and the following questions, on a separate sheet of paper
What will make this organization more effective than the League of Nations?
In what ways are the different articles tied to the Great War, the Inter-War Era, and WWII? Give specific examples.
What past documents influenced the Declaration of Human Rights? In what ways?
What implications will the Declaration of Human Rights have for the UN in the future?