2. Getting the most out of your auscultation technique Dr Luca Ferasin DVM PhD CertVC DipECVIM-CA (Cardiology) MRCVS European and RCVS Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology

3. HEART AUSCULTATION (Dogs) Left Base (Aortic & Pulmonic) Left Apex (Aortic & Pulmonic) Right Side (Tricuspid)Great Vessels(PDA)

4. HEART AUSCULTATION (Cats) Left Parasternal Right Parasternal Great Vessels(PDA) Sternal

5. Fast Slow

6. Gallop Sounds 3 rd heart sound (S3) Early diastolic (“passive” diastolic filling) 4 th sound (S4) Late diastolic ventricular filling (atrium contraction)

7. Gallop Sounds

8. Atrial Fibrillation (chaotic Rhythm)

9. 1only audible with the absolute concentration 2soft, but easily heard 3moderately loud and easily heard 4loud but does not produce a palpable thrill 5loud with a palpable thrill 6very loud (also heard with stethoscope away from the chest) Heart Murmur Grading (out of 6)

10. Turbulence originating through narrowed or irregular valves or outflow tracts Crescendo- decrescendo (diamond-shaped) character o Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis Heart Murmur Systolic diamond-shaped

11. do to regurgitation or shunts into chambers at lower resistance o Mitral or Tricuspid valve insufficiency o Ventricular Septal Defect Heart Murmur Systolic Plateau Shape

12. Heart Murmur Diastolic (Rare) o Aortic regurgitation o (Pulmonic regurgitation)

13. Constant shunt flow throughout systole and diastole  Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)  (Systemic or pulmonic A-V fistulas) Heart Murmur Continuous