1. The Case Against Fluoridation The Case Against Fluoridation Paul Connett, PhD Director, Fluoride Action Network FluorideALERT.org Taupo, Feb 25, 2015

2. I have spent the last 19 years fighting water fluoridation first as a professor of chemistry specializing in environmental chemistry and toxicology, and now as director of the Fluoride Action Network. I have spent the last 19 years fighting water fluoridation first as a professor of chemistry specializing in environmental chemistry and toxicology, and now as director of the Fluoride Action Network. This research effort culminated in the publication of The Case Against Fluoride in Oct, 2010. This research effort culminated in the publication of The Case Against Fluoride in Oct, 2010.

4. James Beck, MD, PhD, A retired professor of Physics from Calgary

5. HS Micklem, D Phil (Oxon) A retired professor of Biology from Edinbrgh

6. Book published by Chelsea Green October, 2010 Can be ordered on Amazon.com Contains 80 pages of references to the Scientific literature

7. More on IQ studies PROPAGANDA versus SCIENCE

8. Civil servants in Australia, Canada, NZ, Ireland, UK, US and other fluoridated countries are treating citizens to propaganda not science Civil servants in Australia, Canada, NZ, Ireland, UK, US and other fluoridated countries are treating citizens to propaganda not science

9. Queensland Health’s promotion of “mandatory” statewide fluoridation) (2007)

10. “ Teeth exposed to fluoridated water” Qld Health 2007

11. “ Teeth exposed to fluoridated water” Qld Health 2007 “ Teeth without exposure to fluoridated water” Qld Health 2007

13. Medical officer of health Dr. Hazel Lynn holds up a picture of a child's teeth. Lynn said water fluoridation prevents tooth decay and is a safe practice. (Owen Sound, Sun Times, Jan 31, 2014)

14. Civil servants in fluoridated countries are behaving as if it is more important to protect the fluoridation program than it is to protect the health of their citizens! Civil servants in fluoridated countries are behaving as if it is more important to protect the fluoridation program than it is to protect the health of their citizens!

15. News from the UK yesterday: “ News from the UK yesterday: “ Water fluoridation above a certain level is linked to 30 per cent higher than expected rate of underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) in England, suggests research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. “ The researchers call for a rethink of public health policy to fluoridate the water supply in a bid to protect the nation’s tooth health.”

16. the UK study found a relatively strong and statistically significant effect, with General Practice (GP) areas being 62% more likely to have high rates of diagnosed hypothyroidism if their drinking water fluoride levels were above 0.7 ppm compared to areas with fluoride levels below 0.3ppm. This was after researchers had accounted for key confounders, which are other factors that influence hypothyroid rates.

17. This was after researchers had accounted for key confounders, which are other factors that influence hypothyroid rates. But Dr. David Crum of the the New Zealand Dental Assn is saying - "the research was flawed because fluoridated areas of Britain were also the areas with high iodine deficiency"

18. I will argue that Fluoridation is 1) UNUSUAL 1) UNUSUAL 2) UNNATURAL 2) UNNATURAL 3) UNETHICAL 3) UNETHICAL 4) UNNECESSARY 4) UNNECESSARY 5) UNSAFE 5) UNSAFE 6) INEFFECTIVE and 6) INEFFECTIVE and 7) There are better ways to fight tooth decay in low-income families 7) There are better ways to fight tooth decay in low-income families

19. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 1) Fluoridation is Unusual

20. The vast majority of countries do NOT fluoridate their water

21. 97% of Western European population now drinks Non-Fluoridated Water Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Scotland Sweden Switzerland

22. Austria* Belgium Denmark Finland France* Germany* Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Scotland Sweden Switzerland* *Some fluoridate their salt 97% of Western European population now drinks Non-Fluoridated Water

23. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 2) Fluoridation is Unnatural

24. Nature’s verdict: Nature’s verdict: The level of fluoride in mothers’ milk is EXTREMELY LOW The level of fluoride in mothers’ milk is EXTREMELY LOW 0.004 ppm 0.004 ppm (NRC, 2006, p. 40) (NRC, 2006, p. 40)

25. Mothers’ milk protects our babies from early exposure to fluoride F = 0.004 ppm

26. Water fluoridation removes nature’s protection F = 1.00 ppm 250 x level in mothers’ milk

27. A bottle-fed baby in a fluoridated community (0.7 – 1.2 ppm) is getting 175-300 times the fluoride dose that nature intended! A bottle-fed baby in a fluoridated community (0.7 – 1.2 ppm) is getting 175-300 times the fluoride dose that nature intended!

28. In other words by Nature’s standards In other words by Nature’s standards 1 ppm is not small it is HUGE!

29. Please Note: Life evolved from the sea where the level of fluoride is about 1.4 ppm, BUT not one single process in the body requires fluoride to function! Fluoride is NOT an essential nutrient

30. Please Note: Many biological processes and components are harmed by fluoride (enzymes, G-proteins etc)

31. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 3) Fluoridation is Unethical

32. W e should NEVER use the public water supply to deliver ANY medical treatment W e should NEVER use the public water supply to deliver ANY medical treatment a) You can’t control the DOSE b) you can’t control who gets the treatment AND treatment AND c) it violates the individual’s right to informed consent to medication

33. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 4) Fluoridation is Unnecessary

34. In 1999, the CDC Oral Health Division (the #1 promoter of fluoridation in the world) conceded that the predominant benefit of fluoride is TOPICAL not SYSTEMIC.

35. CDC, MMWR, 48(41); 933-940, Oct 22, 1999 “fluoride prevents dental caries predominantly after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical…” “fluoride prevents dental caries predominantly after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical…”

36. This admission by the CDC Oral Health Division should have ended fluoridation worldwide!

37. If fluoride works primarily on the outside of the tooth not from inside the body, Why swallow it and expose every tissue of the body to a toxic substance, when you can brush it on your teeth and spit it out? And why put it in the drinking water and force it on people who don’t want it?

38. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 5) Fluoridation is Unsafe

39. NRC (2006)

40. Fluoride – but not necessarily water fluoridation – Damages the bone Lowers thyroid function Damages the brain

41. Since 2006 much more has been published on fluoride and the brain. Many animal and human studies indicate that fluoride is a potent neurotoxicant – www.FluorideALERT.org/issues /health/brain

42. 30 out of 32 Animal Studies Have Found Fluoride Impairs Learning/Memory

43. IQ studies – the current tally 44 out of 51 studies have found an association between fairly modest exposure to fluoride and lowered IQ (China, India, Mexico and Iran ) 44 out of 51 studies have found an association between fairly modest exposure to fluoride and lowered IQ (China, India, Mexico and Iran )

44. Harvard Meta-analysis of IQ studies

45. The Harvard Meta-analysis In 2012, Choi et al (the team included Philippe Grandjean) published a meta- analysis of 27 studies comparing IQ in “high” versus “low” fluoride villages. In 2012, Choi et al (the team included Philippe Grandjean) published a meta- analysis of 27 studies comparing IQ in “high” versus “low” fluoride villages. The study was published in Environmental Health Perspectives (published by NIEHS) The study was published in Environmental Health Perspectives (published by NIEHS)

46. Harvard meta-analysis of 27 studies The Harvard team acknowledged that there were weaknesses in many of the studies, however… The Harvard team acknowledged that there were weaknesses in many of the studies, however…

47. …the results were remarkably consistent …the results were remarkably consistent In 26 of the 27 studies there was lower average IQ in the “high” versus low-fluoride villages. In 26 of the 27 studies there was lower average IQ in the “high” versus low-fluoride villages. Average IQ lowering was about 7 IQ points. Average IQ lowering was about 7 IQ points.

51. Dr. William Hirzy, a former senior scientist at the US EPA and a risk assessment specialist, will present his risk assessment for F and lowered IQ next.

52. More details on one of the IQ studies

53. Xiang et al. (2003 a,b)  Compared IQ of children in two villages:  Low Fluoride Village Average F in well water = 0.36 ppm (Range = 0.18 -0.76 ppm)  High Fluoride Village Average F in well water = 2.5 ppm (Range 0.57 – 4.5 ppm)  Controlled for lead exposure and iodine intake, and retrospectively for arsenic.  Found a drop of 5-10 IQ points across the whole age range between the two villages

59. The lowest level that lowered IQ in Xiang study See group B, mean fluoride concentration = 1.53 ppm +/- 0.27 See group B, mean fluoride concentration = 1.53 ppm +/- 0.27 Some children had IQ lowered at 1.26 ppm Some children had IQ lowered at 1.26 ppm This leaves no adequate margin of safety to protect all children drinking water between 0.7 and 1.2 ppm. We usually use a safety factor of 10 to account for the wide range of sensitivity expect to any toxic substance in a large population.

60. Dr. Philippe Grandjean “Fluoride seems to fit in with lead, mercury, and other poisons that cause chemical brain drain.” (Harvard Press Release) “Fluoride seems to fit in with lead, mercury, and other poisons that cause chemical brain drain.” (Harvard Press Release) Grandjean is the author of a book published this year entitled “Only One Chance”

61. IQ and population 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

62. IQ and population Very Bright Mentally handicapped 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

63. IQ and population 95 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

64. IQ and population Very Bright Mentally handicapped 95 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

65. Xiang et al. (2003 a,b) MALES Ave. level = 0.36 ppm F Ave. Level = 2.5 ppm

66. The very last children who need a loss of IQ points are chidlren from low-income families, who are precisely the children targeted in water fluoridaiton programs!

67. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay Quanyong Xiang, Paul Connett, Chris Neurath and Bill Hirzy outside the EPA Headquarters in Washington, DC Sept 8, 2014

68. The US EPA is in the process of determining a new MCLG (maximum contaminat level goal) for fluoride as recommended by the NRC in 2006. They say they are using SEVERE dental fluorosis as the most sensitive end point of fluoride’s toxicity. They say they are using SEVERE dental fluorosis as the most sensitive end point of fluoride’s toxicity. They claim that if they protect for this it will protect against damage to the bone and any other tissue. They claim that if they protect for this it will protect against damage to the bone and any other tissue.

69. To demonstrate that SEVERE DF is a more sensitive end point than lowered IQ they would have to show that ALL the children in the “High Fluoride” village in all the 40+ studies where IQ was lowered To demonstrate that SEVERE DF is a more sensitive end point than lowered IQ they would have to show that ALL the children in the “High Fluoride” village in all the 40+ studies where IQ was lowered had only SEVERE DF and not other milder categories had only SEVERE DF and not other milder categories

70. GroupNo.Water FIQUrine FSerum F 03010.50±0.5399.76±3.501.13±0.710.044±0.017 1651.88±1.0794.18±13.772.70±1.150.071±0.023 2592.44±0.6693.27±13.103.69±1.610.082±0.016 3632.67±0.6391.51±12.843.85±1.790.085±0.019 4242.89±0.8195.33±14.643.81±1.800.084±0.018 The level of fluoride and IQ in different group by dental fluorosis Xiang’s presentation at FAN conference, Sept 6, 2014

71. GroupNo.Water FIQUrine FSerum F 03010.50±0.5399.76±3.501.13±0.710.044±0.017 1651.88±1.0794.18±13.772.70±1.150.071±0.023 2592.44±0.6693.27±13.103.69±1.610.082±0.016 3632.67±0.6391.51±12.843.85±1.790.085±0.019 4242.89±0.8195.33±14.643.81±1.800.084±0.018 The level of fluoride and IQ in different group by dental fluorosis Xiang’s presentation at FAN conference, Sept 6, 2014 Severity of dental fluorosis on the Dean scale

72. GroupNo.Water FIQUrine FSerum F 03010.50±0.5399.76±3.501.13±0.710.044±0.017 1651.88±1.0794.18±13.772.70±1.150.071±0.023 2592.44±0.6693.27±13.103.69±1.610.082±0.016 3632.67±0.6391.51±12.843.85±1.790.085±0.019 4242.89±0.8195.33±14.643.81±1.800.084±0.018 The level of fluoride and IQ in different group by dental fluorosis Xiang’s presentation at FAN conference, Sept 6, 2014 Severity of dental fluorosis on the Dean scale

73. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 6) Fluoridation is Ineffective

74. 1) No RCT after 70 years!

75. RCT = randomized control trial, the gold standard of epidemiology testing of drugs

76. 2) WHO data

77. According to WHO data tooth decay in 12-year-olds is coming down as fast in NF as F countries

78. 78

79. 79

80. SOURCE: World Health Organization. (Data online)

81. 3) The largest survey of tooth decay in the US

82. NIDR survey: Brunelle & Carlos (1990) They looked at 39,000 children in 84 communities. They looked at 39,000 children in 84 communities. In Table 6 Brunelle and Carlos compared tooth decay of children who had spent all their lives in a Fluoridated Community with those who had spent all their lives in a Non-Fluoridated one In Table 6 Brunelle and Carlos compared tooth decay of children who had spent all their lives in a Fluoridated Community with those who had spent all their lives in a Non-Fluoridated one

83. Brunelle and Carlos (1990) (Table 6) 2.8 DMFS F

84. The largest US survey of tooth decay 3.4 DMFS NF 2.8 DMFS F

85. Brunelle and Carlos, 1990 Average difference (for 5 - 17 year olds) in DMFS = 0.6 tooth surfaces 3.4 DMFS NF 2.8 DMFS F

86. Not only was this saving very small (0.6 of one tooth surface) but it was not even shown to be statistically significant!

87. 4) The most precise study of tooth decay in the US

88. Warren et al. (2009) (the “Iowa” study) examined the relationship between the amount of fluoride ingested by individual children (in mg/day) and their level of tooth decay

89. They found no clear relationship! The authors state: “These findings suggest that achieving a caries-free status may have relatively little to do with fluoride intake…” Warren et al., 2009 Warren et al., 2009

90. Part 1. Better ways of fighting tooth decay 7) There are better ways of fighting tooth decay in low-income families

91. A Better Strategy Most of the tooth decay today is concentrated in low-income families. We need to target those families with better dental services, better dental education and better diet. They have done this in Scotland

92. Scotland Instead of water fluoridation, the Scottish Government instigated its ChildSmile program. This involves: Instead of water fluoridation, the Scottish Government instigated its ChildSmile program. This involves: a) teaching toothbrushing at nursery-school a) teaching toothbrushing at nursery-school b) plus healthy snacks & drinks; b) plus healthy snacks & drinks; c) plus health, dental hygiene and diet advice to their families; c) plus health, dental hygiene and diet advice to their families; d) annual dental check-ups and treatment if required including fluoride varnish applications. d) annual dental check-ups and treatment if required including fluoride varnish applications.

93. Scotland The proportion of children aged 4–6 years without obvious dental decay has risen from 42% in 1996 to 67% in 2012. The proportion of children aged 4–6 years without obvious dental decay has risen from 42% in 1996 to 67% in 2012. And for 10–12 years it rose from And for 10–12 years it rose from 53% in 2005 to 73% in 2013 53% in 2005 to 73% in 2013 (Information Services Division Scotland, 2013).

94. Scotland “Glasgow researchers found that...the cost of treating dental disease in five-year- olds decreased by more than half between 2001 and 2010.” (BBC, Scotland) “Glasgow researchers found that...the cost of treating dental disease in five-year- olds decreased by more than half between 2001 and 2010.” (BBC, Scotland)

95. The message: The message: our kids need MORE BRUSHING! our kids need MORE BRUSHING! MORE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES! MORE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES! LESS SUGAR! LESS SUGAR! Less sugar means less tooth decay and less OBESITY Less sugar means less tooth decay and less OBESITY Less obesity means less diabetes and fewer heart attacks Less obesity means less diabetes and fewer heart attacks In other words education to promote less sugar consumption is a very good investment! In other words education to promote less sugar consumption is a very good investment!

96. More on IQ studies SUMMARY

97. Fluoridation is: Fluoridation is: Unusual (most countries don’t do it), Unusual (most countries don’t do it), Unnatural (the level of fluoride in mothers’ milk is extremely low), Unnatural (the level of fluoride in mothers’ milk is extremely low), Unethical (it violates the individual’s right to informed consent to human treatment) Unethical (it violates the individual’s right to informed consent to human treatment) Unnecessary (if it works at all it works topically) Unnecessary (if it works at all it works topically) Unsafe (dental fluorosis, lowered IQ, accumulation in the bones…) and Unsafe (dental fluorosis, lowered IQ, accumulation in the bones…) and Ineffective (based on promoters’ own studies) Ineffective (based on promoters’ own studies)

98. Fluoridation is an obsolete practice and it is time to end it time to end it

99. Let’s EDUCATE EDUCATENot FLUORIDATE FLUORIDATE

100. More on IQ studies Communities ending or rejecting fluoridation

101. Since 2010, 170 communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the U.S have stopped or rejected fluoridation

102. Make that 173, over the last few days we heard that Montello, Wisconsin; Boynton Beach, Florida and East Brunswick, New Jersey have voted to end fluoridation

103. 1n Nov 2012, Queensland lifted mandatory requirement

104. In August 2014, the Israeli Minister of Health announced an end of fluoridation in Israel.

106. Last week the Arkansas House voted to remove the mandatory requirement for fluoridation. The Bill now goes to the Senate.

107. More on IQ studies RESOURCES

108. NRC (2006)

109. Book published by Chelsea Green October, 2010 Can be ordered on Amazon.com Contains 80 pages of references to the Scientific literature

110. FluorideALERT.org FluorideALERT.org Largest health database on fluoride in the world (click on “researchers”) Videos: Professional Perspectives on Water Fluoridation (28 mins) (click on FAN-TV) Videos: Professional Perspectives on Water Fluoridation (28 mins) (click on FAN-TV) Ten Facts on Fluoride (20 minutes) Ten Facts on Fluoride (20 minutes) Interview with Chris Bryson (The Fluoride Deception); John Colquhoun; Hardy Limeback; Bill Osmunson and Bill Hirzy (click on FAN-TV). Interview with Chris Bryson (The Fluoride Deception); John Colquhoun; Hardy Limeback; Bill Osmunson and Bill Hirzy (click on FAN-TV).