1. Typologies in the illegal wildlife trade Jacob Phelps, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Henry Travers, Imperial College London

2. Distilling actor and network typologies Jacob Phelps, CIFOR Duan Biggs, University of Queensland Edward L. Webb, National University of Singapore

3. Illegal wildlife trade as caricature "poachers", "perpetrators" and "criminals" organised criminal syndicates illegality = invisibility o Assumptions o Simplistic solutions o Incomplete understandings and interventions

4. Taxonomic diversity (CITES 2013)

5. Geographic diversity Asia 6,703 Latin America & Caribbean 4,721 Africa 5,206 Threatened by trade 17,109 species IUCN Red-list assessed species (IUCN 2012)

6. Value chains to consider Value chain complexity (from Phelps 2013)

7. Typology of traders

8. Typology of networks Subsistence Direct-to-consumer Restricted access Gatekeeper Multiple barriers to market

9. Poacher typologies: evidence from Uganda Mariel Harrison, Henry Travers, Dilys Roe, Julia Baker, Geoffrey Mwedde, Andrew Plumptre, Aggrey Rwetsiba and E.J. Milner-Gulland

10. What is driving wildlife crime in Uganda?

11. Poaching for subsistence

12. Poaching in response to injustice

13. Ivory trade in Uganda  Uganda identified as playing important supporting role in illegal ivory trade  Incidence of elephant poaching low but has increased in recent years  Very high PIKE (0.8 – 1.0) at MIKE sites UNEP, CITES, IUCN, TRAFFIC (2013)

14. Who is involved in ivory trade?  Majority of information related to ivory trade comes from key informants or news reports  No evidence relating to the socio-economic profile of poachers  Suggestion that local people recruited to poach elephant  Most ‘evidence’ suggests involvement of corrupt police, customs or even Uganda Wildlife Authority officials