1. Classification
S7L1a: Students will be able to compare organisms by similar and dissimilar characteristics.
S7L1b: Students will be able to classify organisms into the six kingdoms based upon these characteristics.

2. Characteristics of Living Things
All have cells
All have chemicals needed for life
All respond to stimuli
All use energy
All grow and develop
All reproduce

3. Cell Theory All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all living things
All cells come from other cells

4. Tools Scientists Use to Classify Organisms
Branching Diagrams
Dichotomous Key
Eight-Level System
Binomial Nomenclature

5. Branching Diagrams – show the evolutionary relationships amongst organisms.

6. Dichotomous Key – a tool used to identify organisms and consists of the answers to a series of questions.
The questions are asked in pairs, and the answers are in yes or no format.

7. Eight-Level System – organisms are placed in categories from least similar to most similar based upon shared characteristics
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

8. Binomial Nomenclature – a two-part scientific name
Scientific Name = Genus + species
Genus name is capitalized or can be abbreviated
Species name is lower case
Example: Homo + sapiens
Homo = Genus
sapiens = species
Scientific name is Homo sapiens, which means “knowing man”

9. Three Domains and Six Kingdoms
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Archaea
Archaebacteria

10. Classification into Domains and Kingdoms
Organisms are classified into Domains and Kingdoms based upon the following three characteristics:
Cell type
How they get their food
Number of cells inside their body

11. Two Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Single-celled organisms (unicellular)
They do not have a true nucleus
Do not have membrane-bound organelles
Ex: Archaea and Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Multiple-celled organisms (multicellular)
Have a nucleus
Have membrane-bound organelles
Ex: Humans, Protists, Plants, and Yeasts

12. Domain Archaea Kingdom – Archaebacteria Characteristics:
Prokaryotes –single-celled organisms
Do not have a nucleus
Live in extreme environments

13. Domain Bacteria Kingdom – Eubacteria Characteristics:
Prokaryotes –single-celled organisms
Do not have a nucleus
Live in the soil, water, on and inside the human body
Some cause disease, while others help fight disease-causing bacteria

14. Domain Eukarya Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Characteristics:
Have a nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Protozoans Fungi Plantea Animalia