1. Period 3

2. French and Indian War 1754-1763 Causes:
Key Concept 3.1 “Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation, the United States.”
French and Indian War
Causes:
American expansion into Ohio R. Valley= conflicts with natives and French
Iroquois ally with British
FR determined to protect against BR intrusion with a line of forts

3. Attempts at Colonial Unity
Albany Congress
Reps from 7 of 13 colonies
Goals- colonial unity; keep natives on side
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin

4. French and Indian War
Effects:

5. French and Indian War Effects:
Debt= ending salutary neglect= more taxes (colonists need to pay for own defense)
Tightened market control, taxes, government
Colonial Resistance
Stamp Act Congress- response to Stamp Act; tarred and feathered tax collectors
Committees of Correspondence- Spread information and propaganda about BR policies
Increase in colonial confidence
Shattered myth of BR invincibility

6. French and Indian War Natives Lost trading partner in FR
BR colonists expanded onto Native land
Pontiac’s Rebellion= Proclamation of 1763

7. French and Indian War Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763
Chief Pontiac led several tribes against colonists in Ohio
Proclamation of 1763
No settlement past the
Appalachian Mtns.
To prevent further conflict
with natives
Colonists upset and ignore

8. Protestant Evangelical Religious Fervor= The Great Awakening
“In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government, as well as other new religious, economic, and cultural ideas, challenged traditional imperial systems across the Atlantic World.”
Protestant Evangelical Religious Fervor= The Great Awakening
New American identity
“New Lights” and “Old Lights”
Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
George Whitefield

9. New Thought Challenges to Old World Traditions
Thomas Paine- Common Sense
Absurdity of little island controlling huge continent
Enlightenment
Challenged traditional authority
Legal and political equality
End of special privileges for elites
John Locke- defended displacement of ruler who did not protect citizen's liberties
History of self-governing

10. Revolution Declaration of Independence Independence
Enlightenment ideas
List grievances, justify type of gov’t, declare independence
Independence
Rights of British subjects- reject “Virtual representation”
Rights of individuals
Enlightenment thought- “Life, liberty, and property”
Colonists win due to:
Knowing the land
Military leadership
Commitment to cause
French aid

11. Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses:
Economy:
Tariffs on differing states
Each state could coin own $
Fed. Gov’t had no power to tax
Political:
Unicameral Congress
No executive
No nat’l army or navy
No judicial
Weak trading systems w/ other nations
Shay’s Rebellion-MA farmers demanded debt relief, attacked court houses= realize need for stronger nat’l gov’t

12. Constitution Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise
Combined VA and NJ plan
Bicameral legislature – House of Reps based on pop.; Senate equal rep.
3/5 Compromise
Slave would count as 3/5 person in state pop.
In general ignored slavery (too divisive of an issue)
Federalism- division of power between state and federal gov’t
Debates over Constitution
Federalists (pro-Const.) / Anti-federalists (anti-Const.)
Main issue- no Bill of Rights
Federalists promised to add (1st 10 amendments)

13. Political Parties Central government Economics Foreign affairs
Federalists-strong central gov’t
Democratic-Republicans- weak central gov’t, more states’ power
VA and KY Resolutions- belief that states could nullify federal laws
Economics
Federalists- Bank of US (not in Constitution)
Alexander Hamilton argued necessary and Proper “Elastic Clause” (Loose Interpretation)
Anti-Feds
Strict interpretation- if not allowed in Const. then forbidden; if forbidden at national level then passes down to state
Foreign affairs
Feds favor BR
DemReps favor FR

14. “Ideals of liberty reverberated around the world…”
Abolition
Quakers- Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law
Northwest Territory
Women’s rights
Abigail Adams “Remember the ladies…”
Inspired revolutions
French Revolution 1789
Haiti- Toussaint L’Ouverture

15. Westward Migrations and conflicts
“Migration within North America, cooperative interaction, and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity.”
Westward Migrations and conflicts
Paxton Boys- Scot-Irish group angry about Penn’s Indian policy being too lenient; murdered 20 Indians; marched to Philly

16. Backcountry cultures Scots-Irish- frontier; displaced Indians
Shay’s Rebellion- farmers demanded debt relief
Tensions b/w poor backcountry and wealthy coastal

17. U.S. Encouraged Westward Migrations
Northwest Land Ordinance-
Process to admit new states
Guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury
Slavery forbidden
Under Articles of Confed.
Did not recognize Indians as a foreign nation

18. Republican Motherhood
Duty of mothers to raise good citizens of the republic
Women have key role in society teaching values and citizenship
Women gain more access to educaiton

19. Important Documents form Period 3
“The Bloody Massacre in King Street, March ”
Paul Revere
Shape public opinion- war propaganda
BR lined up in formal formation
BR faces sharp and angular
Sky seems to shed light on BR atrocity
Crispus Attucks in lower left corner
Distressed woman in crowd

20. Important documents from period 3
Phyllis Wheatly’s poem on tyranny
Sold into slavery as a child
Wrote comparing colonies’ relationship with England to that of slavery

21. Important documents from period 3
George Washington’s Farewell Address
Warned of foreign alliances
Warned against political parties