1. Chapter 9: Reproduction

2. 2 Types of Reproduction Sexual and Asexual
They both need to obtain energy, grow, develop, exchange materials with the environment and REPRODUCE
2 Types of Reproduction

3. Why is Reproduction important?
Without reproduction life on Earth could not continue
Why is Reproduction important?

4. Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Budding Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
Asexual Reproduction

5. Binary Fission Happens in Bacteria and protists
The parent cell divided into 2
Cell division occurs
1 parent cell= 2 daughter cells
Binary Fission

6. Budding Happens in Sponges, Jelly Fish and Yeast
The parent grows a small bud or branch on its body
When the bud is large enough to live by itself it separates and the small section of cytoplasm pinches off
Budding

7. Fragmentation Happens in Planarians Flatworms and Fungi
The organism attaches itself and divides into two. Eventually the other half starts to grow
Fragmentation

8. Females produce eggs that develop without being fertilized
This is only type of asexual reproduction that produces offspring with genetic variation
Honeybees
Parthenogenesis

9. Advantages to Asexual Reproduction
It is simple because it takes place quickly and easily. The organisms do not have to find a mate
It is efficient because one individual can produce large numbers of offspring in a short time
Advantages to Asexual Reproduction

10. Disadvantages to Asexual Reproduction
Offspring do not have much genetic variation because they inherit DNA from only one parent
In 1940 and 1950s disease destroyed most of banana crops because bananas reproduce asexually.
Disadvantages to Asexual Reproduction

11. Sexual Reproduction External fertilization Self fertilization
Internal Fertilization
Conjunction
Sexual Reproduction

12. Sexual Reproduction Reproduce through meiosis
Gamete is the egg or sperm that is specialized for reproduction
Male and Female Gametes join to make a zygote
Zygote is a fertilized egg
Sexual Reproduction

13. Internal and External Fertilization
External happens in water and usually by fish
Internal happens in mammals when the offspring develop inside the mothers body after fertilization
Internal and External Fertilization

14. Organisms with both male and female sexual organs can produce sperm cells that fertilize their own eggs
This happens in self pollinating plant
Zygote is the half the DNA from the mom and Half from the dad
Self Fertilization

15. Conjugation This happens with a Pilus- Bridge
There is a dinar and receiver of DNA
Conjugation

16. Why Sexual Reproduction is Important
It takes time but it increases genetic variation
Genetic diversity helps species survive changes in the environment
Why Sexual Reproduction is Important

17. Plant Reproduction

18. Sexually and Asexually
Plants Reproduce

19. Asexual Plant Reproduction
Vegetable Propagation—when plants produce offspring from non reproductive tissues such as leaves, stems and roots
Different ways
Tubers and Bulbs
Runners and Rhizomes
Fragmentation
Asexual Plant Reproduction

20. Sexual: Tubers and Bulbs
Large fleshy underground stems that store nutrients and give rise to new plants
Potato's and sweet potato's are Tubers
Onions, Daffodils and tulips are Bulbs
Sexual: Tubers and Bulbs

21. Asexual: Runners and Rhizomes
Specialized stems that grow off an adult plant
Runners are above ground
Rhizomes are below ground
Asexual: Runners and Rhizomes

22. Asexual: Fragmentation
A piece of a leaf or stem breaks off the parent plant and falls to the ground
Cuttings- when you cut a plant and wait for it to grow roots
Asexual: Fragmentation

23. Plants: Sexual Reproduction
Water
Pollen
Seeds
Plants: Sexual Reproduction

24. Sexual Reproduction: water
Water helps plants reproduce sexually
Rainfall, streams and puddles help gametes travel from one plant to another
The reproductive gamete travels as a spore
A spore is a single reproductive Cell or gamete protected by a hard watertight covering
Sexual Reproduction: water

25. Sexual Reproduction Pollen
Pollen is a grain in a dry structure that hold a sperm cell in a tube cell
Pollen is carried by wind, water or animals
Pollination occurs when such a pollen grain attaches to an egg and releases its sperm
Sexual Reproduction Pollen

26. Sexual Reproduction: Seeds
Seeds are structures that enclose a plants embryo and stored food in a protective coat
An embryo is the immature form of an organism that has the potential to grow and develop
Sexual Reproduction: Seeds

27. Sexual Reproduction: plants
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Sexual Reproduction: plants

28. Pine Trees were the first to reproduce using pollen and seeds
Conifers are cone bearing plants
During reproduction male cones release large amounts of pollen into the air and fertilize the egg
Eggs develop into embryos and a seed coat
Gymnosperms

29. Flowers
Male and female reproductive structures are located in the same flower
The reproductive organ of an angiosperm is its flower
Angiosperms

30. Life Cycle of the Cherry Tree
Meiosis
Pollination
Fertilization
Seeds and Fruit
Life Cycle of the Cherry Tree

31. Story of winner
Reproduction

32. Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tubes-sites of fertilization
Uterus becomes the womb
Cervix is the base of the uterus
Cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
Male deposits sperm in the vagina
Vagina is the birth canal
Female Reproductive System

33. Male Reproductive System
Main reproductive organ is the testis
The urethra is a tube-like channel that goes through the penis and opens on the penis tip
Male Reproductive System

34. The production of offspring includes sexual intercourse, fertilization, pregnancy and birth
Human Reproduction

35. When and where does fertilization occur?
When one sperm penetrates a mature egg.
When and where does fertilization occur?

36. Fertilization After 24 hours of fertilization the egg begins to divide
The embryo continues to divide rapidly as it enters the uterus
After a week the embryo attaches itself to the uterus
Fertilization

37. Pregnancy Nine months 3 trimesters 12 weeks for each trimester
The embryo and the uterus contribute new cells to a new organ called the placenta
The placenta is an organ filled with blood vessels that supply the embryo with oxygen and nutrients
Umbilical cord is a long tube that encloses blood vessels
Pregnancy

38. Umbilical cord is attached to the embryo at a small opening in its abdomen called the umbilicus
A fetus is a developing human from 8-12 weeks of pregnancy
Pregnancy