1. Chapter 26, Section 2: FDR & the New Deal
Main Idea: The New Deal restored hope by providing programs that aimed at relief, recovery, and economic reform.

2. A. Franklin D. Roosevelt A Devastating Disease A Call to Action
FDR was stricken with polio in 1921, leaving him paralyzed & confined to a wheel chair afterward.
He served as governor of NY & President in a wheel chair.
A Call to Action
FDR spoke at the Democratic national convention:
“I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.”
In campaign speeches, he promised to help the jobless, poor farmers, and the elderly.
Roosevelt defeated Hoover in 1932 in a landslide & the Democrats won many new seats in Congress.
Inaugural Address: “…the only thing we have to fear is fear itself…” (spend, invest, deposit)
FDR’s approach was to take action (unlike Hoover). Americans welcomed this change & new energy.
“This nation asks for action and action now.”
“…try it. If it fails, admit it and try another. But above all try something.”

3. B. The Hundred Days Saving the Banks A Flood of New Laws
Brain Trust – economic experts (many college professors) who helped FDR plan new programs
Harold Ickes – Secretary of the Interior
Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor (1st female Cabinet member)
Saving the Banks
Restoring faith in banks – FDR declared a “bank holiday” where all banks were closed for 4 days. Only those that passed a government inspection could reopen (this encouraged people to redeposit).
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Fireside Chats – FDR’s radio speeches (30) that explained what the government was doing & reassured people that things would improve.
A Flood of New Laws
Hundred Days – FDR’s first 3 months in office where Congress passed 15 new laws to improve the economy & provide help for the needy (New Deal).
Main Goals of New Deal:
Relief- create jobs &/or provide $ for unemployed
Recover- get the economy going again
(industry & agriculture)
Reform- fix problems to prevent future depressions

4. II. plans for economic Recovery I. Relief for the jobless
The New Deal had three major goals:
Concluding Videos: ) FDR (3:26) ) First New Deal: First Hundred Days (5:26)
III. Reforms to prevent another depression

5. C. Relief for the Jobless
New Deal agencies are commonly known by their initials. “Some New Deal Agencies” chart is on back of notes with explanations.
CCC, FERA, WPA, NRA, PWA, AAA, REA, TVA, FDIC, SSA, SEC, NYA…
C. Relief for the Jobless
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Paid young men between 18 & 25 $1/day to plant trees, build parks, etc. (CVSP)
Conserved natural resources & created jobs.
Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)
Gave federal $ to state & local agencies to help the unemployed with direct relief
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Put jobless to work building hospitals, schools, airports, etc.
Hired artists, photographers, actors, writers, and musicians for various projects.
Murals in post offices (including Endicott’s)
Plays & concerts, sharecropper interviews, etc.

7. New Deal mural entitled "Endicott, Excavation for the Ideal Factory" painted by S. Douglass Crockwell in Mr. Crockwell also painted murals for the post offices in Macon, MS and White River Junction, Vermont.

8. Tennessee Valley Authority
D. Promoting Recovery
Helping Industry
The New Deal tried to control production, stabilize prices, and keep workers on the job.
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Each industry had codes (sets of rules) for production, wages, prices, & working conditions that companies were to abide by.
Companies that followed these codes stamped a blue eagle on their products, & the gov’t encouraged people to do business with them.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Hired construction workers for thousands of projects.
Dams, public schools, aircraft carriers, deep-water port.
Helping Farmers
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
The gov’t paid farmers to grow less, & to destroy surplus crops & animals. This would raise farm prices, allowing farmers to make more money.
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Extended electrical service to people in rural areas/farms.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Rebuilt the Tennessee River Valley, the poorest region in the country at the time (experienced many floods & much poverty).
Built 49 dams in 7 states to control flooding. They also produced cheap electricity & improved the economy of the region.

9. E. Preventing Another Depression (Reform)
Congress reformed the economy by passing laws to regulate the stock market & the banking system, hoping to prevent another major depression by fixing the main causes of this one.
Truth-in-Securities Act – designed to end speculating (risky trading) on the stock market, a major cause of the 1929 crash.
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) – regulates & oversees the stock market to prevent future crashes. Has the power to halt trading in the event that another crash might occur.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government. If that bank failed, the government would ensure depositors got their $.