1. WASTE Chapter 19 Ecology

2. Who is to Blame? But our waste problem is not the fault only of producers. It is the fault of an econom that is wasteful from top to bottom…and all of us are involved in it --Wendell Berry Where do you think the responsibility for our waste problem lies---with manufacturers or with the consumer?

3. Materials Economy System Extraction Production Distribution Consumption Disposal

4. Challenges Less resources available to grow programs Insufficient recycling opportunities for all citizens Insufficient capacity to handle changing needs (electronics)

5. Making Mountains out of Landfills http://www.pbs.org/america- revealed/teachers/lesson-plan/8/ 5 min http://www.pbs.org/america- revealed/teachers/lesson-plan/8/

6. SOLID WASTE Any discarded solid material From junk mail to coffee grounds to cars

7. Types of Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Manufacturing, Mining and Agriculture

8. Municipal Solid Waste = 2% Waste produced by households and businesses 38.1% paper 5.3% wood 5.5% glass 7.8% metals 6.6% Rubber, leather, textiles 10.5% Plastics 10.9 Food 12.1% Yard Waste

9. Manufacturing, Mining & Agriculture 56% of waste Scrap metal, plastics, paper, sludge and ash People indirectly create waste by purchasing products that been manufactured.

11. Manufacturing Waste

12. Waste to energy

13. Pig-ology There was no garbage collection system in 18 th century New York City People threw it into the streets and free ranging hogs at it.

14. Bioremediation Microbes used to break down waste Crude oil, sewage effluent, chlorinated solvents, pesticides and gasoline are gobbled up

15. Incinerated Waste Toxics in –Toxics out

16. Landfill A permanent waste-disposal facility where wastes are put in the ground and covered each day with a layer of soil, plastic or both

17. Leachate Liquid that has passed though compacted soil waste in a landfill. Forms when water seeps down through a landfill and contains dissolved chemicals from decomposing garbage.

18. Reducing Solid Waste Buy Less-------- Lasting Longer

19. Recycling

20. Biodegradable Anything that can be broken down naturally--- plant and organic material Specially designed plates, cups and cutlery can also be biodegradable

21. WARNING—Degradable Plastics They do break apart and the organic parts can degrade however the plastic parts are only reduced to smaller pieces --- Harmful to organisms who think it is food

22. Compost A dark, crumbly material From decomposed plant & Animal matter

23. Hazardous Waste Any waste that is a risk to the health of humans or other living things.

24. Top Household Hazardous Waste Air Fresheners Ammonia, Bleach Carpet & Upholstery Shampoo Dishwasher detergents Furniture polish Toilet bowl cleaners, Laundry room products Oven cleaners

25. RCRA and Superfund Acts Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Established to regulate solid and hazardous waste disposal and to protect humans and the environment from waste contamination.

26. Hazardous Waste Management Preventing Hazardous Waste by producing less Conversion into nonhazardous substances Sludge from petroleum refineries may be converted by soil bacteria into less harmful sustanaces

27. How can cleaning machinery with plastic beads rather than solvents help to reduce hazardous waste? The beads can be reused several times using friction to clean and are not as hazardous as the solvents when it is time to dispose of them

28. Land Disposal Deep-well injection done BELOW groundwater level Surface impoundment a pond with a sealed botom