1. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #1 The Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL): Germplasm Accessions and Research Programs The Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL): Germplasm Accessions and Research Programs Cletus P. Kurtzman ARS Culture Collection (NRRL) Nat’l Center for Agricultural Utilization Research USDA / ARS, Peoria, Illinois USA ARS Culture Collection (NRRL) Nat’l Center for Agricultural Utilization Research USDA / ARS, Peoria, Illinois USA

2. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #2 ARS Culture Collection (NRRL) Established: 1940 Mission: Collect, maintain and utilize microbial germplasm for agricultural and agro-industrial applications Website: http://nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov Established: 1940 Mission: Collect, maintain and utilize microbial germplasm for agricultural and agro-industrial applications Website: http://nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov

3. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #3 ARS Culture Collection Accessions General Collections Actinobacteria9,000 Bacteria10,300 Filamentous fungi53,000 Yeasts 15,000 Patent Collection 6,000 Annual strain distributions 4,000 General Collections Actinobacteria9,000 Bacteria10,300 Filamentous fungi53,000 Yeasts 15,000 Patent Collection 6,000 Annual strain distributions 4,000

4. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #4 ARS Culture Collection Source of Cultures Thom Collection Aspergillus, Penicillium Harvard Collection of Mucorales N. R. Smith Collection Bacillus Mix Collection Taphrina Dulmadge Collection Bacillus thuringiensis, B. sphaericus J. W. Fell Collection Marine yeasts U. S. Army Quartermaster Collection Biodegradation fungi Various NCAUR research programs Other scientists Thom Collection Aspergillus, Penicillium Harvard Collection of Mucorales N. R. Smith Collection Bacillus Mix Collection Taphrina Dulmadge Collection Bacillus thuringiensis, B. sphaericus J. W. Fell Collection Marine yeasts U. S. Army Quartermaster Collection Biodegradation fungi Various NCAUR research programs Other scientists

5. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #5 ARS Culture Collection Distribution Policies General Collection 12 strains per request / 24 strains per year Required permits must be provided No charge per ARS policy Patent Collection Budapest Treaty Rules General Collection 12 strains per request / 24 strains per year Required permits must be provided No charge per ARS policy Patent Collection Budapest Treaty Rules

6. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #6 ARS Culture Collection Preservation LyophilizationAmpoulesLiquid nitrogen storage

7. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #7 ARS Culture Collection Staff Curators/Scientists (Curatorial duties, ca. 20%) Clete KurtzmanYeasts Dave LabedaActinobacteria Kerry O’DonnellFusarium, Mucorales, etc. Steve PetersonAspergillus, Penicillium, etc. Alex RooneyBacteria Todd WardListeria Jim SwezeyPatent Collection Technical Staff = 7 (Collection duties, 10-50%) Curators/Scientists (Curatorial duties, ca. 20%) Clete KurtzmanYeasts Dave LabedaActinobacteria Kerry O’DonnellFusarium, Mucorales, etc. Steve PetersonAspergillus, Penicillium, etc. Alex RooneyBacteria Todd WardListeria Jim SwezeyPatent Collection Technical Staff = 7 (Collection duties, 10-50%)

8. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #8 ARS Culture Collection Scientific Contributions Production strains for: Penicillin Xanthan gum Dextran blood extender Riboflavin Beta–carotene First yeast to ferment pentoses (biomass) Diagnostic gene sequences bacteria, molds, yeasts – food safety, microbial forensics Production strains for: Penicillin Xanthan gum Dextran blood extender Riboflavin Beta–carotene First yeast to ferment pentoses (biomass) Diagnostic gene sequences bacteria, molds, yeasts – food safety, microbial forensics

16. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #16 Challenges for Culture Collections Cost recovery for strain distributions Cost for long-term maintenance Funding for qualified staff Funding/Staff to characterize poorly identified germplasm and for strain verification Back-up sites for cultures and strain data Cost recovery for strain distributions Cost for long-term maintenance Funding for qualified staff Funding/Staff to characterize poorly identified germplasm and for strain verification Back-up sites for cultures and strain data

17. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #17 Germplasm at Risk Abandoned Collections Who will decide their value? Who will take them? Research Materials – Published strains Key strains should be deposited in culture collections and distributed without restrictions Will journals enforce this concept? Research Materials – Unpublished strains – access? Abandoned Collections Who will decide their value? Who will take them? Research Materials – Published strains Key strains should be deposited in culture collections and distributed without restrictions Will journals enforce this concept? Research Materials – Unpublished strains – access?

18. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #18 Intellectual Property Patent Cultures Budapest Treaty National Patent Offices Non-Patent Cultures Published cultures – MTAs? Non-published cultures – MTAs? “Rio Treaty” Cultures Patent Cultures Budapest Treaty National Patent Offices Non-Patent Cultures Published cultures – MTAs? Non-published cultures – MTAs? “Rio Treaty” Cultures

19. kcp0820s Bradley U Continuing EdSlide #19 Questions ??? No single collection can maintain all microorganisms – can a network of interactive collections be developed? How can long-term funding be developed to ensure the survival and use of established collections? No single collection can maintain all microorganisms – can a network of interactive collections be developed? How can long-term funding be developed to ensure the survival and use of established collections?