1. WHAT IS THIS ?? ANY IDEAS????

2. HAVE YOU EVER SEEN THESE??

4. I´M SURE YOU KNOW WHAT IS THIS…

10. ALIENS??? MAY BE

18. PARTS OF YOUR BODY?

27. WOW

51. AMAZING… DON´T YOU THINK SO? NOW… LET´S ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS

52. CELL THEORY The invention of the microscope in the late 1500s revealed to early scientists a whole new world of tiny cells. Most cells are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope. The discoveries of scientists from the 1600s through the 1800s led to the cell theory, which is a unifying concept of biology. The cell theory has three major principles: All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

53. All cells can be divided into two major groups: prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells. The main differences between the two kinds of cells are in their structure: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus defined by a membrane, while prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA, or genetic information, is found in the nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found in the cytoplasm, the jellylike substance that fills both types of cells. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, structures that perform jobs for a cell. Most organelles are surrounded by membranes. Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles surrounded by membranes.

54. Prokaryotic cells make up organisms called prokaryotes. All prokaryotes are tiny and consist of single cells. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells make up eukaryotes. You are a eukaryote, as are plants and some types of single-celled organisms. All multicellular organisms, or organisms that have many cells, are eukaryotes.

55. The questions 1. What is the smallest, most basic unit of life? ____________________________________________ 2. Where is the DNA in a prokaryote? in a eukaryote? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why would you need a microscope to see a prokaryotic organism? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. A friend tells you he read somewhere that rotting garbage can turn into maggots, which are fly larvae, and the maggots then can grow into adult flies. What part of the cell theory could you use to refute his claim?

56. MAIN IDEA:Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. In the top left side of the Y shape below, write the characteristics of eukaryotic cells. In the top right side of the Y shape below, write the characteristics of prokaryotic cells. At the bottom of the Y shape below, write the characteristics that both kinds of cells have in common.

57. HOME- WORK MAIN IDEA:Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. In a phrase, tell what each scientist did to help develop the cell theory. 1. Hooke 2. Leeuwenhoek 3. Schwann 4. Virchow What are the three parts of the cell theory?

58. ANIMAL CELL REMEMBER SOMETHING ABOUT THE PARTS OF THE CELL? AS WELL AS YOU HAVE ORGANS THE CELLS HAVE SOMETHING THAT WE CALL ORGANELLES

60. THIS WAS AN ANIMAL CELL… PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO IT. DO YOU REMEMBER SOME OF ITS PARTS? MITO….. LYSO…… NUC…………. CELL MEM……….. RIBO……………

61. NOW, LET´S START WITH THE COVERING LAYER OF THE CELL. THE NAME IS DIFFERENT FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS. IN ANIMAL CELLS THE NAME IS CELLULAR MEMBRANE IN VEGETABLE CELLS THE NAME IS CELL WALL

63. WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT WAS? ANIMAL CELL???? OR CELL WALL????

64. WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT WAS? ANIMAL CELL???? OR CELL WALL????

65. LOOK THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM, THE FOLLOWING IMAGES ARE CELL WALLS

68. NOW… COMPARE

73. THEY LOOK PRETTY DIFFERENT, DON´T YOU THINK SO? LET´S LIST THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM (BY THE WAY, AT THIS MOMENT YOU HAVE TO COPY ON YOUR NOTEBOOK)

74. WELL, THAT WAS THE CELL MEMBRANE Vs THE CELL WALL, NOW, ARE YOU READY TO TAKE A QUIZ? QUESTION: 1.WHY DO YOU THINK CELL WALLS ARE THICKER THAN CELL MEMBRANES? A. BECAUSE IT WOULD BE MUCH MORE DIFFICULT FOR HERBIVORES TO EAT THEM B. BECAUSE THE MORE THICKER IT IS MORE NUTRIENTS IT HAVE C. BECAUSE THAT IS THE WAY NATURE IS AND THERE ARE NO EXPLAINATIONS D. BECAUSE IF SOMETHING IS SOFT AS THE CELL MEMBRANE IT IS HARDER TO EAT IT, INSTEAD, IF IT IS HARD AND STRONG AS THE CELL WALL IT WOULD BE EASIER TO EAT IT… SOUND LOGICAL DON´T YOU THINK SO.

75. REVIEW ABOUT CELL WALL AND CELL MEMBRANE. The main function of the cell wall and the cell membrane is to give support and allow the movement of substances like water and nutrients in and out the cell. CELL WALL 1.Is thicker than the cell membrane. 2.It is rich in cellulose 3.It is harder to break it All these reasons make the cell wall harder to eat and that´s why sometimes we have to cook the vegetables we eat during long periods of time. It is even har for the chemical juices of your stomach to digest the cell wall and cooking and heating we help this process to be much more efficient. CELL MEMBRANE 1.It is softer than cell wall. 2.It is not rich in cellulose 3.It is much more simple to break it All these reasons make the cell membrane easier to break and digest, have you ever eat sushi, it is made up of raw fish, and when we eat it we don´t have any digestion problems

78. THE CYTOPLASM *WHAT IS IT? *WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION? SUPPOSE THIS IS A CELL, THE CYTOPLASM WOULD BE:

79. THE BLUE PART REPRESENT THE CYTOPLASM, ITS FUNCTION IS TO HOLD THE OTHER ORGANELLES PRESENT IN THE CELL. THE CYTOPLASM IS MADE UP OF SUGARS, SALTS, PROTEINS, AMINOACIDS AMONG OTHERS, AND IT IS ALSO MADE UP OF A NET OF PROTEIN FIBERS CALLED THE CYTOSKELETON. ALL THESE THINGS TOGETHER MAKE A STRONG, RESISTANT SPACE FOR THE ORGANELLES HANG ON, ORGANELLES ARE NOT JUST FLOTING, THEY ARE HOLDED ON TO THE FIBERS OF THE CYTOSKELETON.

82. The nucleus is one of the most visible parts of cells, it is made up by the nuclear membrane (it separates the nucleus of the rest of the cell), the nucleolus (it is important for the ribosome formation) and the chromatin (which is made up of DNA and during cell reproduction forms the chromosomes)

84. Vacuoles are present in animal and vegetable cells, they are bubble like structures which function is to store water, sugars, salts and pigments

86. Ribosomes can be anywhere in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the principal function of ribosomes is to create proteins and proteins is the chemical compound that forms your muscles and almost every part of your body