1. Model of a Typical European City
Priya Verma

2. European Cities
European Cities are smaller typically smaller than in US & China.
Larger share of population lives in small and medium sized cities.
Medium sized cities show the highest dynamics.
These cities are diverse in history, demography, and built environment.

3. Demography
Decreasing population in the East, there are growing urban regions in the West and the South.
The share of elderly (60+) increases throughout Europe.

4. Land
Air pollution is particularly acute in Europe’s large cities. 7 of the 10 countries with the highest sulphur dioxide ratings 7 are in Western and Central Europe.
75% of Europe’s population lives on 10% of it’s land.
Farmland is one of the dominant land uses in Europe covering more than 45%.
30% of Europe’s land is covered by forest.

5. Differences between American and European Cities
The city core in European cities retains the function of a high status residential area to a greater degree than in American cities, particularly in cities with a rich history where prestige is gained from living in historic areas.
The inner city areas of European cities are more mixed than in America with a combination of economic and residential functions and a more concentrated industrial zone between the inner city and the suburbs. Burgess’ gradation of CBD - zone in transition - lower class housing - middle class housing, a simplification in any city, is even less applicable where economic and industrial functions are thoroughly intermingled with housing.

6. Western Europe Middle Class Housing and Industry
Attempts to delineate the structure of the West European city usually involve applying and extending the classic zonal and sectoral patterns of Burgess and Hoyt to the particular European setting. Mann produced a model based on work in three northern English cities where the relative location of industry and middle-class housing was determined by the prevailing wind direction.

7. Eastern Europe
The essential principle behind socialist ideas on the structure of cities was that the organisation of functions and land uses be tightly planned with the aim of maximising the quality of life of the urban population.

8. European City Characteristics
European cities are usually old,
most major European cities were founded between the 1st 10-13th centuries.
A dense, historical central core with mostly historical buildings, were also major representative and administrative buildings like Churches and the City hall are located. Also, it works as the major shopping district, buildings are usually 4-7 floors high, with some few modern buildings in between the historic buildings that are usually the same height.
European central cities or downtowns don't have many residential buildings, most buildings are used as office space or other uses such as there're more shops, restaurants and nightclubs .
Also, there is usually a pedestrian zone in European downtowns
European cities are more dense which applies to the density of the build environment.

9. Two Models