1. The Immune System Lesson 1: The Immune Systems

2. Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …
Identify and discuss the anatomy of the immune system.
Discuss the functions of the immune system.
Explain the immune system and its response.

3. Composition of the Immune System
Tissues
Organs
Physiological processes that identify abnormal cells
Foreign substances
Foreign tissues, such as transplants

4. Structures Central to the Immune System
Central lymphoid tissue
bone marrow, thymus
Peripheral lymphoid tissue
lymph nodes, spleen, and mucus membranes

5. Critical Thinking Questions
What is so critical about the immune system to one’s overall health?
If one has a compromised immune system would that shorten the person’s life?

6. The Immune System throughout the body part of the lymphatic system
subsystem of the CV system
Primary fx is to defend against invasion
Pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi)
Immunosuppressants, medications, and stress can suppress system

7. The Lymphatic System

8. Watch This

9. Bone Marrow Contains stem cells that create all the cells Produces
RBC’s
WBC’s
Platelets
B cells
Natural killer cells

10. Thymus Gland Located posterior to the sternum
Manufactures infection-fighting T cells
Helps distinguish normal T cells from those that attack the body
Enlarges during childhood
Shrinks as we age

11. Peripheral Lymphatic System
Consists of the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissue

12. Lymph Nodes Different sizes and shapes
Most are bean-shaped, about 1 inch long
Covered with a thick fibrous capsule

13. Two Parts of Lymph Nodes
Cortex
Populated mainly with lymphocytes
Medulla
Primarily made up of macrophages

14. B Lymphocytes Responsible for circulating antibodies
When an antigen enters the body,
B lymphocytes rapidly undergo mitosis and divide
This produces a large quantity of an antibody

15. Spleen Located in the ULQ of the abdomen Lots of blood vessels
Spleen’s blood vessels are lined with macrophages
swallow and digest debris in the blood
worn-out red blood cells and platelets 15

16. Tonsils used to be removed when infected.
Located in the depressions
of the throat and the pharynx
Fx -filter bacteria
aid in the formation of white blood cells
Factoid:
Tonsils used to be removed when infected. 16

17. Immune Troop Worksheet

18. The Immune System
Defense against infectious organisms and pathogenic invaders
Immune response
cells, tissues, and organs work together to attack pathogen
white blood cells (WBCs), seek out and destroy harmful organisms

19. Phagocytes Phagocytes WBC that attacks the invading organism
most common are neutrophils, which fight off bacteria

20. Lymphocytes Lymphocytes
WBC allows the body to remember previous invading organisms
Originate in the bone marrow
If stays there, it matures into B cells
If moves to the thymus gland, they mature into T cells

21. B and T Lymphocytes B lymphocytes Seek out invading organisms
and send defenses to attach onto them
T cells
Destroy the organisms that the B lymphocytes have id

22. Antigen Foreign substance that invades the body
When an antigen is detected, several types of cells work together to recognize and respond to it
These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies
This process is known as humoral immunity

23. Antibodies Specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens
Immunoglobulins
Antibodies are found in blood, tissue fluids, and many secretions

24. B Cells of the Immune System
Once antibodies have been produced, they remain in the body
If re-infected, the antibodies are already there to neutralize it
antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, but are not capable of destroying it.
That is the job of the T cells.

25. T Cells
destroys antigens which have been tagged by antibodies

26. Immunity The body’s ability to defend itself against pathogens 3 Forms26

27. Innate Immunity Born with innate, or natural, immunity
Renders many of the viruses and bacteria incapable of harming infant
Provided by :
Skin
Mucous membranes
Mother

28. Active Immunity
by infection or with a vaccine
Is permanent ??

29. Types of Active Immunity
Acquired active immunity
exposed to a live pathogen
develops the disease
and becomes immune (primary immune response)
Artificially acquired active immunity
induced by a vaccine (antigen)
stimulates a primary response against the antigen
without causing symptoms of the disease

30. Passive Immunity
“Borrowed” from another source and lasts for only a short time
An inherited immunity to certain diseases

31. Medical Specialists
Allergist
Immunologist
Oncologist