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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
OBJECTIVES At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species Establish and manage pastures for long term production AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA
Most backward compared to poultry and pigs Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9% for mutton, 5% for dairy Dominated by small farmers Lack of feed resources AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY
High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg) Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production Strong government support to reduce food importation AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Livestock statistics livestock statistics AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Self sufficiency AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA
Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea 1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms 1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
TYPES OF GRASSLANDS Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation) Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance) Sown grasslands Grasslands associated with plantations AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Natural grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Steppes Prairies Veld Savanna Pampas AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Australian Savanna Grassland
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Australian Savanna Grassland
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
New Zealand Alpine Grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Sown grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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New Zealand Dairy Pasture
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New Zealand dairy calves
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
New Zealand Farm boy AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Traditional low-input systems
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Malaysian goats scavenging garbage
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Free grazing AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers
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Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures
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Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses
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Improved pastures in Malaysia
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978
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Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes
forest Forest regeneration AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
ALFALFA (LUCERNE) AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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ALFALFA AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Integration of livestock with crops
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Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth
legumes AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Sheep grazing under mature rubber
Ferns largely uneaten AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie)
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Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation
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Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines
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Cattle under coconuts - Philippines
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Young rubber with leguminous cover crops
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Mature canopy shades out light for grasses AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture
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Using crop by products AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand
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Friesian cattle feeding on collected rice straw
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Brewer’s grain, byproduct of beer manufacture, being used for animal feed AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Poultry manure being used to increase protein in feedlot
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Feedlot cattle on crop byproducts
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Oil-palm frond (OPF) being chopped for easy feeding
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Cattle feeding on freshly chopped OPF
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Chopping corn stover for feed
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Chopping OPF for making OPF dry pellets AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Mechanized collection and chopping of OPF AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
OPF drying facility, MARDI AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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Loading of baled padi straw
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AGR 4501 Pasture Management
Straw left after harvest AGR 4501 Pasture Management stubble
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End AGR 4501 Pasture Management
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