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The Production of Propylene Oxide Using Cell Liquor
Meshal Al-Rumaidhi Hassan Ghanim Ali Al-Haddad Abdulrahman Habib Supervised by: Prof. : Mohammed Fahim Eng. : Yousif Ali
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Agenda Introduction Production Routes Reactions
Feed Stocks (Raw Material) Final Product Thermodynamics Yield Calculation Process Technology and Flowsheets Process Alternatives (Licensors) Health and Safety Issues Uses of Propylene Oxide World Production Comparison of PO Production Routes Conclusion
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Introduction What is Propylene Oxide?
Propylene oxide (also known as PO, methyloxirane, 1.2-epoxypropane) is a significant organic chemical used primary as a reaction intermediate for production of polyether polyols, propylene glycol, alkanolamines (qv), glycol ethers, and many other useful products. It is an important propylene-derived chemical. In the united state, it is estimated that PO is the third largest derivative of propylene.
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Cont. Introduction History of Propylene Oxide:
The first preparation of PO was reported in wurz’s laboratory in 1860 union carbide started development in 1925, and PO became a leading industrial chemical after World War II when its importance in polyurethanes was recognized.
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Production Routes The selection of production routes is decisively influenced by the application and market potential of co-products, as well as by availability of raw materials and possibilities for byproduct management. Technologies developed up to this point can be divided into: Chlorohydrin Processes Indirect Oxidation Processes Direct Oxidation Processes
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Cont. Production Routes
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Reaction Chlorohydrin Reaction: Saponification Reaction:
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Feed Stocks (Raw Materials)
Propylene Chlorine Water Sodium Hydroxide
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Final Product Physical and Chemical properties for Propylene Oxide (PO): Propylene oxide is a colorless, highly volatile, very soluble in water, and flammable liquid at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Physical State Liquid Odor Ethereal Molecular Weight g/mol Boiling Point °C Melting Point °C Flash Point °C
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Thermodynamics The PO production is consisting of three exothermic reactions: Chlorohydrin Reaction Saponification Reaction
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Yield Calculation Conversion of Propylene = 97%
Selectivity of propylene = 95% Yield = Selectivity * Conversion = 0.97*0.95 = 92.15% Real yield PO = 89.4% The calculation yield is approximate to real yield.
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Process Technology and Flowsheets
Design Bases & Assumption Chlorohydrination Type of reactor Packed column Temperature & Pressure °C & 60 psia Conversion of Propylene % Selectivity to PCH mol% Selectivity to PDC mol% Selectivity to DCIPE and other mol% Saponification Type of reactor Tray column Temperature & Pressure °C & 65 psia Amount of cell liquor added % excess alkali Conversion of PCH % Selectivity to PO mol% Selectivity to propylene glycol mol%
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Process Conditions Chlorohydrination: Type of reactor Packed Columns
Temperature oC Pressure psia Saponification: Type of reactor Tray Column Temperature oC Pressure psia
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Health and Safety Issues
Flammability Hazards Reactivity Hazards Explosibility Toxicology and Occupational Health Hazards
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Uses of Propylene Oxide
PO is an important basic chemical intermediate. Virtually all the PO produced is converted into derivatives, often for applications similar to those of ethylene oxide (EO) derivatives. PO is used primarily to produce polyether polyols, propylene glycols, propylene glycol ethers and, and many other useful products.
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Cont. Uses
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Cont. Uses
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World Production
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Process Alternatives (Licensors)
PO Using Chlorohydrine Process by Lime. PO Using Indirect Oxidation Process by Isobutane. PO Using Indirect Oxidation Process by Ethyl Benzene. PO by Direct Oxidation.
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Reaction (Chlorohydrine Process by Lime)
Chlorohydrin Reaction: Saponification Reaction:
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Process Conditions Chlorohydrination: Type of reactor Packed Columns
Temperature oC Pressure psia Saponification: Type of reactor Tray Column Temperature oC Pressure psia
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Typical arrangement for PO using chlorohydrins process by Lime
Propylene chlorohydrin reactor; b) Separator; c) Vent gas scrubber; d) Saponifier; e) Partial condenser; f) Cross exchanger; g) Compressor; h) Propylene oxide purification train; i)Drums
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Reaction (Indirect Oxidation Process by Isobutane)
The main reaction of this process
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Process Conditions (Indirect Oxidation Process by Isobutane)
Type of reactor Peroxidation reactor Temperature – 140 oC Pressure – 35 bar Catalyst not needed Type of reactor Epoxidation reactor Temperature oC Pressure bar Catalyst Molybdnum
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Flow scheme for PO-tert butyl alcohol
a) Vent column; b) Lights scrubber; c) PO column; d) tert-butyl alcohol lights column; e) tert-butyl alcohol column
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Reaction (Indirect Oxidation Process by Ethyl Benzene)
The main reaction of this process
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Process Conditions (Indirect Oxidation Process by Ethyl Benzene)
Type of reactor Peroxidation reactor Temperature oC Pressure bar Type of reactor Epoxidation reactor Temperature oC Pressure bar Catalyst Molybdnum Type of reactor Dehydration reactor Temperature oC Pressure bar Catalyst Alumina
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Flow scheme for PO-styrene process
a) Separator; b) Recycle column; c) Crude PO column; d) Ethylbenzene recycle column
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PO by Direct Oxidation The Disadvantage of Direct Oxidation:
Difficult in Controlling Temperature. Several of by-Products.
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Comparison of PO Production Routes:
Chlorohydrin process, % PO/styrene process, % PO/tert-butyl alcohol process, % Direct oxidation, % World PO capacity, 1000 t/a World PO consumption, 1000t/a
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Conclusion Propylene oxide via Chlorohydrin Processes Using Cell Liquor is useful technique and has many advantages that our country needed. We cannot decide if it’s the best method before we studying the costs.
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Thank You
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