4. A. make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. B. attend religious services once a week. C. to fast (go without food) for one month a year. D. to donate 10% of their income to the poor.

5. A. Saudi ArabiaB. Iran C. KuwaitD. Qatar

6. A. SunniB. Shiah (Shi’i) C. OrthodoxD. Protestant

7. Israel Per Capita GDP $29,800 Iran Per Capita GDP $10,600 Imports (Needs) fuels, consumer goods industrial supplies, food, consumer goods, technical services Exports (Sells) machinery, agricultural products, cut diamonds, clothing, software petroleum, carpets

8. A. Overuse of the water supply for agricultural reasons B. Diversion of rivers for nuclear power plants C. Overfishing by surrounding countries D. Long-term drought in the region

9. A. Commercial farming B. Military power C. Urban expansion D. Democratic principles

11. A. The diffusion of Arabic culture B. Colonization by European countries C. The migration of nomadic peoples from sub-Saharan Africa D. Dissemination of knowledge from ancient Egypt

14. Another reason that oil formed underneath Southwest Asia has to do with what happened in Southwest Asia very long ago. The Iranian Plate and the Arabian Plate bumped up against each other, creating spaces where oil and gas were formed and trapped.

17. A. Land sold to Israel by neighboring countries B. A change in the route of the Jordan River C. Loss of fertile land due to water scarcity D. Conflicts, agreements and political decisions

18. A. Pull factor-for religious freedom B. Pull factor-a warmer climate C. Push factor-escape communism D. Push factor-decrease in arable land

19. IRANJORDAN

20. A. They all have dietary restrictions, including the prohibition of pork B. They are all monotheistic C. They all celebrate the same holy day of Easter D. They all share the sacrament of baptism

23. A. The percent of the world’s oil embargoed by different organizations and countries B. The percent of the world’s oil produced by different organizations and countries C. The percent of the world’s oil imported by different organizations and countries D. The percent of the world’s oil used by different organizations and countries

25. A. The legal system B. The form of government C. Forms of clothing D. Use of automobiles

29. 29. Why does Israel have such a high per capita GDP compared to neighboring countries, even though it has no oil? Israel Saudi Arabia Syria Population7,473,05226,131,70322,517,750 GDP$29,800$24,200$4,800 Life Expectancy 80.9674.1174.69 Infant Mortality 4.1216.1615.62 Years Education 151411 Literacy97.178.879.6 Oil?Noyes GovernmentDemocracyAbsolute Monarchy Authoritarian (Republic)

31. A. Some believe the US uses too much of the world’s oil B. Some think the US is reluctant to help keep peace in the region C. Some blame the U.S. for Israel’s creation D. Some think the US does not do enough trade with the region

32. 35 36 38 32 40 39 33 37 34 32 35 39 41 37 36 40 38 34 33 C A D E B Cities: Ankara, Damascus, Dubai, Jerusalem, Mecca

33. 1. Islam 2. divergence 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. No 7. They are enemies 8. A 9.C 10.Desert and Mediterranean 11.A 12.irrigation 13.Morocco 14.tectonic forces 15.dictatorship 16.oasis

34. 17.D 18.A 19.Jordan 20.B 21.water 22.The rest of Egypt is desert 23.B 24.Ethnic conflict 25.A 26.Govt. controlled by religious leaders 27.It is a chokepoint 28.Little oil 29.Freer govt = freer economy

35. 30. Saudi Arabia 31.C 32.Mediterranean Sea 33.Jordan 34.Iraq 35.Caspian Sea 36.Iran 37.Persian Gulf 38. Saudi Arabia 39. Red Sea 40. Yemen 41. Arabian Sea A.Ankara B.Jerusalem C.Damascus D.Dubai E.Mecca