1. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America
Cold War Origins
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
United States of America
CA Standard &11.9.3

2. What is the cold war? A war of ideas
A struggle between the USA & USSR for dominance in world affairs

3. Yalta What happened at Yalta?
Conference during WWII where FDR, Churchill, and Stalin were meeting to plan what would happen to Germany and Poland.
Outcome:
Germany after they surrendered would be:
Split into 4 parts American/British/French/Soviet
West Germany/East Germany

4. United Nations: We still have it today!
What International Peace keeping organization was instituted after WWII?
United Nations
50 Countries joined. (Including US)
What were members of the UN supposed to do?
Try to resolve problems peacefully.
Promote Justice and cooperation to solve international problems.
Act as a team to stop any wars that did break out.

5. What’s the Problem with the Ruskies?
In the Soviets mind Capitalism and Communism could NOT co-exist, eventually one would have to take over completely.
They wanted Communism.
We did not.

6. Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d
Even Before WWII:
The U.S. did NOT get along w/ Soviet Union.
IN FACT: During 1917 Russian Revolution (when the Bolsheviks were trying to overthrow Tzar Nicholas Romanov II, and establish a communist government.)
*** President Wilson sent troops to fight against the Bolsheviks or (Commies) from taking over.***

7. Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d
At the start of WWII Russia had signed the Non-Aggression w/ Nazi Germany.
Stalin only joined the Allies when he was double crossed.
Therefore, he could not be trusted!
During WWII (YALTA) Stalin disagreed with the U.S. and British over battle plans and post war plans.

8. AFTER WWII: From Soviet Perspective
What are the four reasons the USSR had for starting the Cold War with the USA?
1. USA had not suffered as much as Russia at home during the war.
2. Before the War the US had been in the Great Depression, At the end of WWII the US had become the richest country in the world.
3. USA was the only one w/ Atomic bomb.
4. We were too nice to Germany and Japan after the surrender

9. What does all that mean?
All of these factors added up to the USA being too powerful & therefore could NOT be trusted.
Soviets felt they needed to protect themselves.
What was the Soviet Union’s plan to protect themselves against capitalism and USA?
Force countries surrounding Russia have a communist govt. under Soviet control, so that everyone would be loyal to Russia and be against USA + Capitalism.

10. AFTER WWII: From the American Perspective
The Soviets were too pushy, uncooperative, and uncomfortably interested in spreading its power by creating communists governments in as many other countries as possible!

11. BUT WHAT HAPPENED TO GERMANY?
What did the Western Allies want to do with Germany after WWII?
They wanted to rebuild Germany to stand strong, but controlled at the center of Europe.
Stalin didn’t trust Germans to do as they were told, and he was determined to never let Germany threaten his country again!

12. Germany was partitioned by the Allies after the war

13. Austria would also be divided

14. The city of Berlin was also partitioned

15. There was the American sector

16. the French sector

17. the British sector

18. and the Soviet sector

19. The divisions of Germany and the city of Berlin

20. East and West Germany and East and West Berlin

21. UP GOES THE WALL Germany divided into 2 parts
#7 Why was the Berlin Wall built?
Later in 1961 the Berlin Wall was built to stop Germans in East Berlin from Escaping into the Allied controlled West Germany and Ultimately other Western Countries. (USA, Britain, France)
WEST Germany-controlled by Allies
EAST Germany-controlled by Russia.
Stalin established a Brutal totalitarian govt.

22. In the End Americans and Soviets had Different Goals for the World After WWII
What was Soviet Union’s GOAL after WWII?
The country was devastated by 17 million people killed in WWII and was looking to:
(1) Rebuild their country damaged during the war
(2) Protect its wellbeing by establishing Satellite Nations creating a buffer zone against attacks.
(3) Stalin wanted to spread communism and over throw capitalism
Because: If more countries are communist no one will trade with US = USA become Poor and LOSES Power
What was American’s GOAL after WWII?
(1) We wanted to give Democracy to the once conquered, now “liberated” European nations.
BECAUSE:
Democratic Govt.=Capitalist Economy
More Capitalist Countries means
Better Trade Opportunity 4 USA!
This Means USA will make more $$$$!
More $$$= More POWER!

23. The RED SPREAD: IRON CURTAIN
Stalin acted quickly to take control of all the Eastern European countries his army had “liberated” from the Nazis and convert them to communism:
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Romania
East Germany

24. The Soviet Union prior to World War II

25. As the Soviets pushed back the Nazis, they claimed new territory.

26. They took part of Finland

27. They took Estonia

28. They took Latvia

29. They took Lithuania

30. They took part of Poland for White Russia

31. They took part of Romania for the Ukraine

32. They took part of Czechoslovakia for White Russia

33. They took a part of Germany

34. The U.S.S.R. expanded their territory and the number of republics

35. Poland would fall under Soviet influence

36. Poland would also gain parts of Germany

37. Czechoslovakia was last in Eastern Europe to fall under Soviet dominance

38. Hungary would also fall under Soviet control

39. Romania would follow Soviet direction

40. Bulgaria would also come into the Soviet sphere

41. East Germany would be a satellite state as well

42. Eastern Europe After WWII
Soviet Union
Poland
East Germany
Iron Curtain
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria

43. What are the Americans going to do? PLAN A
CONTAINMENT:
The USA thought:
Eastern Europe was already lost to Communism.
The only thing to do now was to STOP other countries from choosing communist governments.

44. #11 What 3 things is the Truman Doctrine supposed to do?
Stop the Soviets from converting any more countries to communism.
Help Re-build European Countries to give them Strong Economies (Marshall Plan)
USA should step up to the plate and BE a World Leader.

45. Marshall Plan
1. Have European Countries come up with a plan to rebuild their economies.
2. The USA would give these countries the money if these European nations would have capitalist or (Free Market Systems)
What was the Goal behind the Marshall Plan?
-Rebuild war torn European countries and help their economies become strong under capitalist trade with the USA
-Everyone is happy, making $ instead of bitter and planning WWIII.

46. How do we MAKE other countries: NOT WANT TO BE COMMUNISTS?
The Truman DOCTRINE
The Marshall Plan: $13 Billion Dollars of U.S. aid to 16 Western European countries to help them recover and rebuild after the war.
The Point Four Program: Jr. Marshall Plan, proposed by Truman in 1949 it provided $400 million dollars to underdeveloped countries in Asia, Latin America, & Africa to develop industries, communications, and technology.
NATO: In 1949 the U.S. and 11 other countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was an military alliance that agreed to come to the aid of any member nation that was attacked & to develop an International Security Force that would discourage aggression by non-NATO countries.

47. Things Get Serious in 1949!
FIRST: Sept USSR developed their own Atomic Bomb.
In Response, the USA built an improved version, the Hydrogen Bomb/ or first Thermonuclear weapon successfully tested in 1952.
Why did the US govt. decide to build a hydrogen bomb?
Americans were uncomfortable with someone having the power to make them the next Nagasaki.

48. Things could get messy with all these bombs!
What was the purpose the of
Federal Civil Defense Administration
This agency flooded the nation with posters and information about what to do to survive nuclear attack.
These plans included plans for building bomb shelters and instructions for holding air raids in schools.
Privately, the experts knew that the information was ridiculous and totally ineffective.