1. Ahmed Alsanousi CSC 464

2.  Existing instruments  Oscilloscope  Re-use rating scale  Create an instrument  Survey  Checklist  Paper and pencil  Tangible and intangible

3.  Measurement is limiting the data of any phenomenon –substantial or insubstantial– so that those data may be interpreted and, ultimate, compared to a particular qualitative or quantitative standard.

4.  Nominal Scales  Ordinal Scales  Interval Scales  Ratio Scales

5.  Comes from Latin “nomen” means Name  Used to Limits the data  Example: Boys & girls in class  Statistical procedures could be used  Mode: for most frequent occurrence  Percentage: part of total  Chi-square test: compare occurrence between categories

6.  > (greater than) < (less than)  Used to rank-order our data  Example: Classification by education degree  Statistical procedures could be used  Median: determine half-way  Percentile rank: determine position of item in a group

7.  Two features 1. Has equal units of measurements 2. Zero point is arbitrarily  Example: Temperature  Statistical procedures could be used  Mean  Standard deviation

8.  Two features 1. Has equal units of measurements 2. Zero point is an absolute zero  Example: Ruler  Rarely used outside physical science  Can express values in multiples or fractions

9.  If you can say that  One object is different from another  you have a nominal scale  One object is bigger or better or more of anything than another  You have a ordinal scale  One object is so many units more than another  You have a interval scale  One object is so many times as big or bright or tall or heavy as another  You have a ratio scale

10.  Reliability is the consistency with which a measuring instrument yields a certain, consistent result when the entity being measured hasn’t changes  Example: waistline tape measure

11.  Interrater reliability  Two testers, same result  Test-retest reliability  Retest in different occasions, same result  Equivalent forms reliability  Different versions or instrument, same result  Internal consistency reliability  Different items within instrument, same result

12. 1. Getting two measures by using one form of reliability 2. Calculate how similar are the results