1. Industrial Revolution Vocabulary Terms

2. Industrial Revolution1.
was the era in which a change from household (cottage) industries to factory production using powered machinery took place

3. material supplied by nature (like water or coal)
natural resource 2.
material supplied by nature (like water or coal)

4. free enterprise 3.
people are free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose, as the government has limited control over the economy

5. scientific discoveries that simplify work
technology 4.
scientific discoveries that simplify work

6. something new or different
innovation 5.
something new or different

7. patent 6.
official document giving an inventor the sole legal right to an invention and its profits for a certain period of time

8. cotton gin 7.
an invention by Eli Whitney that sped up the cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves

9. Lowell Mills 8.
factories owned by Frances Lowell in Massachusetts that employed mostly young immigrant girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and low wages

10. interchangeable parts9.
identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product; allowed for mass production

11. the manufacture of goods in large quantities
mass production
10.
the manufacture of goods in large quantities

12. textile
11.
cloth or fabric

13. the growth of cities and towns
urbanization
12.
the growth of cities and towns

14. the counting of the population; happens every 10 years in US
census
13.
the counting of the population; happens every 10 years in US

15. steamboat
14.
development by Robert Fulton that revolutionized transportation and trade along rivers in the United States

16. sectionalism
15.
a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country

17. protective tariff
16.
a tax on goods from another country which is designed to get people to buy products made in their OWN country and not to buy imported goods – this would “protect” American industry

18. Robert Fulton
given credit for creating the first steamboat – speeds up transportation
17.

19. Samuel Morse invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication
18.
Samuel Morse invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication

20. John Deere invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge in 1836
19.

21. Cyrus McCormick invented a grain reaper in 1834, making harvest
faster and easier
20.

22. John C. Calhoun
21.
South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War

23. Daniel Webster
22.
Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union

24. Henry Clay
23.
powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850; known as the “Great Compromiser”

25. James Monroe
24.
author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to European expansion or interference