1. Marine LIFE

2. DIVISIONS OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Divisions: Ocean is divided into two basic units.
Pelagic environment - The ocean water itself. 2% of organisms
Benthic environment – The bottom/seafloor. 98 % of organisms
Provinces of Pelagic Environment:
Neritic - Shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, shore line-200m
Oceanic – Open ocean; extends from the continental shelf beyond 200m

3. Ocean Zones/Divsions Oceanic Zones: Epipelagic –surface – 200m
(aka “sunlight zone”)
Mesopelagic - 200m – 1,000m
(aka “twilight zone”)
Bathypelagic - 1,000m – 4,000m
(aka “midnight zone”)
Abyssopelagic - 4,000m – 6000m
(aka “abyssal zone”)
Hadalpelagic –6,000m – 10,000m
(aka “hadal zone”)

4. Ocean Zones/Divsions

5. Ocean Zones/Divsions Other Zones/Terms: Classifying Organisms:
Photic Zone: Enough light in which photosynthesis can take place
Apohtic: Not enough light for photosynthesis to occur.
Classifying Organisms:
Plankton (plankton/photosynthetic organisms)
Nekton (free swimmers)
Benthos (bottom dwellers)

6. Marine Organism in Ocean Zones

7. Adaptations

8. Types of Adaptations Physical Anatomical or Structural
Flounder fish have eyes on one side of body, penguin wings reduced to flippers
Behavioral
Something learned or innate
snails go up stalks to avoid high tide, female penguins hunt while male keeps the egg
Physiological
Process
In sea turtles during long dives, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, brain, and central nervous system. Male penguins can make milk.

9. Classification/Taxonomy
Taxonomy - The science of classification of living things
Carolus Linnaeus - Devised a classification system for organisms based on structural similarity. Linnaeus’ Classification System:
*Remember by: King Phillip Came Over for Green Spaghetti

10. Classification/Taxonomy
Binomial Nomenclature - Two-word naming system.
The first word: genus name; Second word: species name.
Example: Common Name: Western Cottonmouth
Scientific Name: Agkistrodon piscivorous
Agkistrodon = genus
piscivorous = species
piscivorous = “fish eater”

11. 6 Kingdom Classification
Eubacteria
Archeabacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Anamalia

12. Marine Classification of Organisms
Kingdom Protista
Phytoplankton
phylum dinophyta-dinoflagellates and diatoms
Zooplankton
phylum sarcodena-radiolarians; phylum cilophora-ciliates
Plant-like Protists
phylum chlorophyta-green algea; phylum phaeophyta-brown algae; phylum chrysophyta-golden algea; phylum heterokontophyta-giant kelp and oarweed

13. Marine Classification of Organisms
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum angiospermaphyta: seagrasses and eel grass, turtle grass, mermaid fan plants, water lillies

14. Marine Classification
Kingdom Anamalia
Phylum Porifera: sponges
Phylum Arthropoda: insects, crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs
Phylum Echinodermata: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
Phylum Cnideria: jellyfish, coral, anemones,
Phylum Mollusca: snails, squid, octopus, clams, shellfish, sea slugs
Phylum Chordata

15. Phylum Chordata Phylum Chordata
Class Amphibia: frogs, salamanders, mud puppies
Class Reptilia: snakes, crocodiles, sea turtles
Class Aves: birds
Class Agnatha, Osteoichthyes and Chondrocthyes (fish): jawless fish, bony fish, sharks, skates and rays
Class Mammalia: whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, narwhals

16. Marine Phyla Distribution

17. Marine Animal Phyla

18. Phylogenic Tree

19. Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key
A written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism and is used to identify organisms

21. Life: Best Water Scenes