1. Ch. 7 Early China Lesson 6: The Qin and the Han Dynasties pp. 184-191 Take 2 handouts from the back counter Today you will take notes on the Qin Dynasty and then you will take ½ of the Benchmark test.

2. Objectives 6.35 List the policies and achievements of the emperor Shi Huang and explain how these contributed to the unification of northern China under the Qin Dynasty and the construction of the Great Wall of China. (H, P) 6.36 Detail the political contributions of the Han Dynasty and determine how they contributed to the development of the imperial bureaucratic state and the expansion of the empire. (H, P) 6.37 Cite the significance of the trans-Eurasian “silk roads” in the period of the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire and their locations. (E, G, H) 6.38 Describe the diffusion of Buddhism northward to China during the Han Dynasty

3. The Qin Emperor Qin (chihn) was one of the strong rulers during the Period of the Warring States Qin sent a cavalry – army of men on horseback – out to battle Defeated the surrounding territories and ended the Zhou dynasty Controlled China from the Huang He to the Chang Jiang Declared himself Qin Shihuangdi means “the First Qin Emperor”

4. How Did Qin Change China? Qin brought changes to Chinese government that would last for many centuries: 1)Qin wanted to strengthen and unify China 2) He took control of the territories (before, under the Zhou rule, aristocrats positions of governing the territories was hereditary) Now only Qin had the power to appoint the governors –Ruled with absolute control and punishment –Anyone who disagreed was punished and killed –Writings that displeased Qin were burned

5. 3) Appointed Censors This increased government power These overseers made sure government workers did their work

6. 4) Qin created currency or money that everyone had to use

7. 5) Writing system was simplified Scholars were hired to make the writing system easier and set rules for writing system – how and when it was to be used

8. 6) Building projects Ordered farmers to build –Palaces –Roads –Dams –The Great Wall –A huge, grand canal that connected the Chang Jiang River in central China to many territories in southern China This canal was used to transport supplies to soldiers throughout the territories –Qin’s tomb

9. Shi Huangdi Qin’s Tomb In March of 1974, Chinese peasants digging a well near Xi'an in the central province of Shaanxi found some unusual pottery fragments. Then, deeper down at eleven feet, they unearthed a head made of terra cotta (baked earth or clay). They notified the authorities and excavation of the site began immediately. To date, workers have dug up about eight thousand sculpted clay soldiers, and the site has proved to be one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of all time.

10. Terra Cotta Soldiers

11. Grand Canal Shi Huangdi Qin built a canal that connected Chang Jiang to the Guangzhou in Southern China

12. Why was the Great Wall Built? To keep out invaders –Nomads and herders moved their animals along the Gobi desert –Xiongnu – skilled warriors who fought on horseback and often attacked Chinese settlements

13. The Great Wall of China Facts The Great Wall of China was built over about 2000 years by several different Chinese emperors, starting in BC 475, to protect the people from their enemies, the Huns. The Wall is a unique structure that is considered one of the seven wonders of the world. It snakes through the mountains of China for 4,500 miles. That's longer than the distance across from New York to California by about 1,000 miles! The Great Wall is 25 feet tall and 15-30 feet wide. That's wide enough for two cars to drive on!

14. The Great Wall Facts The Ming Dynasty's rebuilding made it more elaborate with watchtowers, battlements and cannons. Leading the great wall to additional protection of the people. Ancient records show that more than 300,000 soldiers and 500,000 commoners worked to build it. That's about the same as the population of San Francisco! 1.http://www.airpano.ru/files/China-Great- Wall/2-2http://www.airpano.ru/files/China-Great- Wall/2-2 2.http://www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/great- wall.htmlhttp://www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/great- wall.html

15. The End of Qin Rule Qin boasted that his dynasty would rule China forever Both aristocrats and farmers revolted against harsh Qin rule

16. Now what? Benchmark Test Pictograph Paragraph

17. Han Rulers 1) In 202 B.C. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty –Liu Bang was a farmer turned soldier –Started the Han Dynasty that lasted 400 years

18. 2) Han Wudi – the first strong Han emperor Ruled from 141 B.C.-87 B.C. Recruited people for civil service –People were chosen on the basis of competitive tests –Raised the quality of government –Favored the rich-only rich could afford education

19. Education Han created schools –Studied law, history, and ideas of Confucius –Well respected because of education

20. The Empire Expands Population rose to 60 million Farmers sold land and became tenant farmers Han Empire took new territory –Conquered Korea, Southeast Asia, northern India Then, Chinese had peace for 150 years

21. Han Culture Ideas of Confucius gained influence Filial piety became strong Stability of government strengthen family ties

22. Chinese Inventions Cast-iron plow

23. Waterwheels Millers invented waterwheels to grind grain

24. Wheelbarrow Wheelbarrow-used to carry heavy material

25. Silk Manufacturing with devices

26. Paper Paper used first for wrapping and then writing –Like the Egyptian papyrus, provided a way to keep written records

27. Toilet Paper Also invented toilet paper

28. Sailing inventions Rudder and a new way to move the sails of ships –With these inventions, ships could sail against the wind

29. Medical Advances Certain foods prevented disease Used herbs to treat illnesses

30. Acupuncture Acupuncture-relieved pain by piercing patients’ skin at vital points with thin needles Renews the body by increasing flow of energy

31. On the Silk Road During the Han period, Chinese traders grew rich by sending expensive goods around the world –Jade –Kaolin –Silk –Cast Iron goods –Peaches & pears + All the inventions From this lesson

32. New Contacts with the West China’s trade increased as a result of exploration –Zhang Qian explored areas west of China Found horses Han Wudi wanted horses for soldiers In exchange for horses, Chinese traded silk

33. Trade expands Silk road was not one road. It was a network of trade routes 4,000 miles long Stretched from China to Mediterranean Sea

34. Goods Traded Horses, silk, spices, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and grains, peaches, pears, cotton, paper etc… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe- eNq-Qyghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe- eNq-Qyg 10 mins

35. Buddhism Reaches China Silk Road spread knowledge, culture, and religions. == > Cultural Diffusion at its best Buddhism spread along Silk Road from India to China

36. Why Did the Han Dynasty Collapse? Weak and dishonest emperors Corrupt officials People began to rise up and rebel against Han rulers Civil war divided China Remained divided for 400 years

37. Buddhism Wins Followers Civil War frightened many Chinese Many people turned to Buddhist ideas Followers of Confucius and Daoists admired Buddhist ideas By A.D. 400s Buddhism became one of China’s major religions

38. Review Make a list ranking the 5 most important details from today’s lesson. Remember 1 is most important. Explain why each is ranked as it is. Give a title to your list. Be ready to share!