1. Intolerance & Civil Liberties Red = loss of liberty/intolerance Black = expansion of liberties/rights 1791: Bill of Rights ratified 1798: Alien & Sedition Acts 1828: Andrew Jackson’s election begins era of expanding voting to the common man 1853: Know Nothing Party Civil War: suspension of Habeas Corpus 1868: 14 th Amendment (equal treatment clause) 1870: 15 th Amendment gives black men the vote Reconstruction: black codes and Ku Klux Klan End of 19 th Century: literacy tests, poll taxes, residence requirements

2. Intolerance &Civil Liberties Red = loss of liberty/intolerance Black = expansion of liberties/rights 1917: Espionage Act, Sedition Act; affirmation in Schenck v U.S. 1919: Red Scare 1920: 19 th Amendment gives women the vote 1920s: Ku Klux Klan, Sacco & Vanzetti, Immigration act of 1924 WWII: Japanese-American Internment; Korematsu decision 1950s: McCarthyism 1953-1969: Warren Court rulings 1964: 24 th Amendment outlaws the poll tax 1965: Griswold v. Connecticut gives right to privacy 1971: 26 th Amendment lowers voting age to 18 1973: Roe v. Wade expands reproductive rights 1989: Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (and 1991’s Casey v. Planned Parenthood) restricts reproductive rights 2001: Sept. 11 attacks and the Patriot Act

3. Rise of Political Parties 1792: Creation of first parties; split into Federalists & Democratic-Republicans 1816: begin Era of Good feelings (Federalists fade away) 1824: controversial election of John Quincy Adams splits country into Whigs and Democrats 1840-1854: Several third parties in response to immigration (American) and the lack of resolution to slavery (Liberty, Free Soil, Republican) 1860: first electoral victory of modern Republican party (Whigs gone by now) 1890s: Populists

4. Political Parties 1900-1920: Progressives in both Democrat and Republican parties (brief Bull Moose Party) 1936: Democrats become the new majority as a result of FDR’s new coalition (ends long era of Republican rule) 1948: Dixiecrats 1968: American Independent Party and realignment of the South (after Democrats pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act) 1980/1994: Reagan’s election (1980) and Republicans retake Congress (1994) usher in the “New Right”

5. Political Parties 1860-1932: Republican dominance of the presidency (only Democratic exceptions are Grover Cleveland & Woodrow Wilson) 1932-1980: Democratic Dominance of the Presidency (only Republican exceptions are Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon; but is Jimmy Carter in 1976 a fluke of Watergate?)