1. The Search for a National Identity
Chapter 8, Section 2
The Search for a National Identity
Standard:
7.3.8.A: Explain the human characteristics of places and regions, specifically population and culture.
Anchors:
CC D: Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.
CC B: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
AGENDA:
PDN
Ch. 8, Sect. 2 Notes
Think Pair Share
Ticket out the door.
OBJECTIVES:
Identify the historical roots of Canada’s major culture groups.
Cite evidence that insists French and British-Canadians have a cultural conflict.

2. What is Unity?

3. Introduction Canadian population is extremely varied.
Country defines itself as multicultural.
Unity is difficult to achieve because the country is so vast and different.

4. Understanding the Past
Struggle to develop national identity.
People identify more with region than country.
40% of all Canadians have British ancestors.
27% are of French descent.

5. The First Canadians
First people to live in what is now Canada were the Inuit and Native Americans.
Some settled the Pacific.
Others were nomadic.

8. This picture shows several Inuit constructing an igloo with blocks of snow. Traditionally, Inuit lived in igloos during the coldest months and tent like huts during the warmer months.

9. The First Canadians Continued…
Beginning in the 1600s, rival European empires of England and France began colonizing the region.
Europeans devastated the native population with diseases (Columbian Exchange) and warfare.

10. Colonial Rivalries
French and English colonists competed for the prosperous N. American fur trade and clashed over land claims.
Between 1689 and 1763, 4 wars were fought in N. America.
British troops defeated the French in the Battle of Quebec in 1759.
1763, France Surrendered all of its empire in Canada and Britain assumed control over the entire region.

11. Ties to Britain
Canada remained under direct British rule until 1867 (Dominion of Canada).
Own Government.
Foreign Policy and Military decisions were still made by the British.
Canada became completely independent in 1931.

12. Conflict Between Two Cultures
Both English and French are official languages in Canada (15% can speak both).
Majority of French-speaking Canadians live in the province of Quebec.
1774, British government passed laws to ensure that French Canadians would be able to maintain their own language, laws and culture.

13. Conflict… Continued
Many French Canadians feel discriminated against by the English speaking majority.
Claims that they are denied jobs in government or industry because of their French descent.

14. Conflict… Continued
Quebecois, Quebec’s French-speaking citizens, consider themselves guardians of French culture in Canada.
1960s, some fought to preserve French culture, others favored separatism.
In 1995, a referendum allowing residents to decide whether Quebec should secede from the rest of Canada, failed by a narrow margin.

15. Welcoming Diversity, Promoting Unity
Canada has welcomed immigrants from all over the world.
Largest numbers from Europe.
Recently, more and more Asians have settled British Columbia.

16. Uniting Canada’s Regions
Canada has been successful in uniting its regions and its people through transportation and communication links.
However, establishing a true national identity is proving difficult to achieve.