1. Chapter 5 Section 1

2.  Come from many different countries ◦ 50 ethnic groups make up the population ◦ 2/3 of Canadians have European ancestry ◦ 40% have British roots ◦ 27% share a French heritage ◦ Germany, Italy, Ukraine, Africa, Asia

3.  What is a first nation? ◦ First Nations – descendants of those first settlers from Asia.  Cree, Micmac, Abenaki (Abe-na-ki), Ojibwa (O-jib-wa)  People have lived in North America for 12,000 years ◦ Oceans were 300 feet lower than today  Allowed people to settle in North and South America  Bering Strait

4.  1600’s European immigrants came to settle in Canada  Britain and France established colonies in Canada similar to the United States ◦ France and Britain long history of conflict continued here. ◦ 1754 – 1763 French and Indian War ◦ Great Britain won, but the French stayed creating disputes  Early immigrants were English, Scottish, Irish, French ◦ WW1 – Italy, Poland, Ukraine ◦ WW2 – Germans, Dutch ◦ 1960’s – Africa, Latin America, Asia, the Pacific Islands

5.  1791 – Great Britain created two areas ◦ Upper Canada (Ontario) – British ◦ Lower Canada (Quebec) - French  1867 – United as Dominion of Canada ◦ Nova Scotia and New Brunswick added  1869 – Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan added  1871 – British Columbia added (now reached the Pacific Ocean

6.  Multiculturalism – an acceptance of many cultures instead of just one.  Canadian citizens have kept their separate languages and identities (French and British) ◦ Official policy of multiculturalism  Similar rights and responsibilities as we do ◦ Obey Canada’s laws ◦ Option of voting ◦ Participate in political system ◦ Freedom of religion, speech, assembly

7.  Land area second to Russia  Population is 31 million ◦ US population 316.1 million (2013)  ¾ of population live in cities and towns of Southern Canada.  Canadians live on farms, and in cities  Northern regions are rugged and cold ◦ Few live here

8.  British Columbia is “Gateway to the Pacific”  Chinese from Hong Kong immigrated at the end of the 20 th Century  Recently refugees from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia arrived  Refugees – people who flee a country because of war, disaster, or persecution

9.  1/12 of Canada’s population  ¼ of the immigrant population  70,000 + immigrants arrive each year  40% + population is foreign born (born elsewhere)  10% arrived after 1991 (23 years ago)  Toronto is center of industry and international trade.