1. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism: Forging a Nation Chapter 3

2. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism: National and State Sovereignty The Argument for Federalism The Argument for Federalism Authority divided into two levels: national and regional Authority divided into two levels: national and regional Protects liberty Protects liberty Moderates government power by sharing Moderates government power by sharing Strengthening the union Strengthening the union

3. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism: National and State Sovereignty The Powers of the Nation The Powers of the Nation Enumerated powers Enumerated powers 17 powers  secure defense & stable commerce 17 powers  secure defense & stable commerce Implied powers Implied powers “necessary and proper” actions  government support “necessary and proper” actions  government support

4. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism: National and State Sovereignty The Powers of the States The Powers of the States Oversight of public morals, education, and safety Oversight of public morals, education, and safety

5. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism as a Governing System, Figure 3-1 Federalism as a Governing System, Figure 3-1

6. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism in Historical Perspective An Indestructible Union (1789-1865) An Indestructible Union (1789-1865) The nationalist view: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) The nationalist view: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) The states’-rights view: The Dred Scott Decision (1857) The states’-rights view: The Dred Scott Decision (1857)

7. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism in Historical Perspective Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865-1937) Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865-1937) Dual Federalism: separation of national from state power Dual Federalism: separation of national from state power The Fourteenth Amendment and State Discretion The Fourteenth Amendment and State Discretion

8. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism in Historical Perspective Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865-1937) Dual Federalism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865-1937) Judicial Protection of Business Judicial Protection of Business Supreme court restricted national power Supreme court restricted national power National Authority Prevails National Authority Prevails

9. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism in Historical Perspective Toward National Citizenship Toward National Citizenship Equal civil rights across all states Equal civil rights across all states Fourteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Exceptions: death penalty, quality of public schools Exceptions: death penalty, quality of public schools

10. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism Today Interdependency/Intergovernmental Interdependency/Intergovernmental Cooperative federalism: shared policy responsibilities Cooperative federalism: shared policy responsibilities National, state, and local levels work together National, state, and local levels work together Medicaid: health insurance for the poor Medicaid: health insurance for the poor Education Education Law enforcement Law enforcement Transportation Transportation

11. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism Today Government Revenues and Intergovernmental Relations Government Revenues and Intergovernmental Relations Fiscal Federalism Fiscal Federalism Categorical and Block Grants Categorical and Block Grants

12. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Federalism Today A new Federalism: Devolution A new Federalism: Devolution Budgetary Pressures and Public Opinion Budgetary Pressures and Public Opinion The Republican Revolution The Republican Revolution Devolution, Judicial Style Devolution, Judicial Style

13. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Public’s Influence Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Roosevelt’s “New Deal”  jobs during the Great Depression Roosevelt’s “New Deal”  jobs during the Great Depression Lyndon Johnson’s “Great Society”  increased social services Lyndon Johnson’s “Great Society”  increased social services

14. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Public’s Influence Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Republican successes in Congressional elections due to public’s dissatisfaction with the federal government Republican successes in Congressional elections due to public’s dissatisfaction with the federal government