1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Chapter 2 Historical and Theoretical Developments Slides developed by Ronald W. Toseland State University of New York at Albany

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Importance of History History helps us to understand the roots of group work Helps us develop a perspective on the use of social work groups in many different settings History helps us to understand the role of the social group worker

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Two Types of Inquiry Social group work practitioners and others –Use their clinical and administrative experience to develop case examples and scholarly writings Social scientists who experimented with groups in laboratories –Made qualitative observations of groups in the community

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Early Settings Charity Organizations Mental Institutions Clubs

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Casework and Group Work Differences Settlement houses versus charity organizations Members versus clients Shared interaction and decision making Emphasis on process Enjoyment and socialization as well as problem solving

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Scholarship Grace Coyle’s Social Process in Organized Groups vs Mary Richmond’s Social Diagnosis Differences

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Early Intervention Targets Socialization Education Social action Social justice

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas 1940s and 1950s Ego psychology Therapy and remediation Child guidance Returning WWII veterans Kurt Lewin and the National Training Laboratory

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Weakening of Group Work Weakening of group work sequences in schools of social work Generalist social work versus casework, group work and community organization Group work used in community organization settings; not as much as other settings

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Revitalization of Group Work International Association For the Advancement of Social Work With Groups Social Work With Groups, International Journal of Group Psychotherapy Journal of Groups in Addictions, Journal for Specialists in Group Work, Small Group

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Models of Group Work Social Goals Model Remedial Model Reciprocal Model Mainstream Model

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Task Group Models Lack of attention to task groups in social work Brill, Dluhy, Ephross and Vassil, Fatout and Rose, & Tropman have made contributions More work is needed

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Knowledge From the Social Sciences Some examples –Bales, Lewin, Allport, Sherif, Asch Gangs WWII combat units Hawthorne Plant Forsyth

14. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Influential Theories Systems Theory Psychodynamic Theory Learning Theory Field Theory Social Exchange Theory

15. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Introduction to Group Work Practice, 7e Toseland and Rivas Influential Theories Explain each theory Explain differences How used in social group work