1. Goliad & San Jacinto 1

2. James Fannin Led the Texans at Coleto Creek
Surrendered & Executed with his soldiers at Goliad
Fannin

3. Goliad Massacre
General Urrea was moving up the coastline and defeated many Texan troops on his march to Refugio and Goliad.
While General Urrea fought with Fannin’s troops stationed in Refugio, Fannin received orders from Sam Houston to retreat to Victoria.
Mar. 14 Fannin received an order from Houston to withdraw from Victoria.

4. Fannin decided to wait for his troops in Refugio to return before obeying Houston, but those soldiers had been either killed or captured by General Urrea
Fannin took his time leaving Goliad and by the time he did leave on March 19th, 8 days after being told to do so, the Mexican cavalry was already near by with the rest of the Mexican army closing in.
Fannin also ignored Houston’s orders to leave or get rid of his cannons and brought them with him which slowed the army tremendously.
Battle of Coleto
Fannin reached a creek called Coleto but by that time the Mexican cavalry had closed in on them.
Fannin formed his men up in a giant square and prepared for a fight.
The battle of Coleto lasted until after sunset on March 19. The Texans fought off the Mexicans using their bayonets, muskets, and nine cannons and their square remained unbroken. The Texians lost seven men and sixty wounded (forty severely), Fannin among them.
Fannin and Urrea finally met at the battle of Coleto, where Fannin was wounded.

5. The morning after the battle started, General Urrea received several hundred more soldiers
Col. Fannin surrendered his 300 men at the Battle of Coleto because he was pinned on the open prairie
After the sunset the fighting stopped but the Texians were still surrounded.
They had no water and to make matters worse the wounded could not be treated because if they lit a fire the Mexicans would shoot at them.
In the morning the Mexicans had the Texians surrounded with cannons.
After a few shots into the Texians lines, Fannin realized that he had to surrender.

6. The Texan prisoners were marched back to Goliad
Urrea told them they were not going to be killed
Most of the Texans captured at Goliad believed they would be treated fairly.
General Urrea wanted to keep them as prisoners of war
Santa Anna ordered the captives to all be shot on Mar. 21
The Texians were held for a week.
To URREA.  26 Mar   From the Commandant at Goliad to General Urrea.
In compliance with the definitive orders of his Excellency the general-in-chief, which I received direct, at four o'clock tomorrow morning the prisoners sent by you to this fortress will be shot.

7. March 27, 1836 – Mass Execution of men at Goliad
When the shooting of the prisoners began, a few of them were able to escape in the smoke and confusion.
Some were saved from the Goliad Massacre by Francita Alavez, who was called the Angel of Goliad.
On March 27th the Texans were marched out of Goliad in three large groups and shot.
At selected spots on each of the three roads…the three groups were halted. The guard on the right of the column of prisoners then countermarched and formed with the guard on the left. At a prearranged moment, or upon a given signal, the guards fired upon the prisoners at a range too close to miss. Nearly all were killed at the first fire. Those not killed were pursued and slaughtered by gunfire or bayonet. Fannin and some forty (another estimated eighty or ninety) wounded Texians unable to march were put to death within the presidio …

8. Two famous battle cries during this period used to encourage the soldiers to continue fighting were “Remember the Alamo” and “Remember Goliad”

9. The Texas Army The Mexican Army
Sam Houston – Leader of the Revolutionary Army
The Mexican Army
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – Dictator of Mexico & military leader of the Mexican Army

10. Battle of San Jacinto – April 21, 1836
Shortest battle in history
Sam Houston led Texas Forces – 800 men
Santa Anna led Mexican Forces – 1300 men
After gathering supplies and training his troops during the Runaway Scrape, Houston marched his troops down Buffalo Bayou towards Santa Anna’s camp.
Houston found that Santa Anna camped out in the open in a vulnerable spot, and camped his men in a spot that was partially hidden in a grove of trees

11. lives of two Texans and was promoted to Colonel and put
The day before the battle, there were several small fights. In one of the fights, a private named Mirabeau B. Lamar saved the
lives of two Texans and was promoted to Colonel and put
in charge of the cavalry.
There was a cavalry skirmish on April 20, between Texas and Mexican soldiers
Disaster was avoided when Mirabeau B. Lamar heroically saved the Texas commander
Lamar was promoted to commander of the Texas Cavalry

12. Tejano and San Antonio native would lead the Tejanos in the battle.
His father Erasmo Seguin had helped Austin pick out the land for his colony
Served with Travis at the Alamo, survived because he was sent out as a messenger to warn Houston about the events of the Alamo
Served under Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto
Juan Seguin

13. Before the battle, Houston sent Deaf Smith on a
special mission to destroy the bridge at
Vince's Bayou.
Santa Anna forces were reinforced by General Cos to about 1,400.
This effectively destroyed the retreat route for both the Mexican army as well as his Texans

14. The Battle of San Jacinto
On the 21st Houston did not attack in the morning which led Santa Anna believe that he would not attack.
Cos’ soldiers were tired after marching all night so he decided to let his soldiers rest.
At 3:00 on the afternoon of April 21, while Santa Anna’s troops are resting, Houston orders the attack
The Texas battle cry was “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!”

15. Taken by surprise, 630 Mexican soldiers were killed and 730 captured
Battle lasted18 minutes
The battle quickly became a slaughter.
Most of the Mexican soldiers ran within the first few minutes of the battle and were hunted down by the Texans
Around 600 or more Mexicans were killed and 700 captured.
10 Texans lost their lives.

16. Texas Independence was secured.
The next day, Santa Anna was captured and surrendered to Sam Houston
The next day, Santa Anna was captured while hiding in the nearby marshes.
Texas Independence was secured.

17. After the battle, many angry Texas army officers
demanded that Santa Anna be executed.
Houston refused to allow soldiers to kill Santa Anna, instead they made him sign a treaty that gave Texas its independence.
In a report to his superiors, Houston praised his troops for their courage and loyalty, while Santa Anna blamed his loss on the high number of inexperienced troops.
Santa Anna slipped away during the battle but was spotted among the captured soldiers in a regular uniform when his soldiers started saluting him.
He was brought before Houston where most soldiers wanted him hung.
Houston spared his life knowing he was more useful alive.
He could give Texas Independence