1. Asset Management: A Key Tool for Enhancing the Sustainability of our Transportation Infrastructure Gerardo W. Flintsch Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Director, Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

2. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Outline 1. Introduction Asset management Performance management State of Good Repair 2. Decision Making Multiple criteria decision-making Multi-objective optimization 3. Examples Adding environmental considerations to the pavement management process Cross-asset management More sustainable rehabilitation 4. Conclusions

3. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Ed Stein 1. Introduction

4. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Why do we need to “manage” our Highway Infrastructure? o To preserve our infrastructure value Key component of the asset management o To develop “optimum” preservation and renewal programs Better Use of Available Resources o To provide a level of service that the user considers appropriate State of Good Repair

5. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Each category was evaluated on the basis of capacity, condition, funding, future need, operation and maintenance, public safety and resilience.

6. Transportation Performance Management What Is Asset Management? Asset management is a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information…. (23 U.S.C. 101(a)(2), MAP-21 § 1103) Performance Management Implementation Overview NHS Plan Inventory, condition, risk, financial plan, investment strategies Leads to a program of projects Process certified every 4 years Source: P. Stephanos, Pavement Evaluation 2014, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.

7. DATABASE INVENTORY CONDITION USAGE MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES INFORMATION MANAGEMENT NETWORK-LEVEL ANALYSIS PROJECT LEVEL ANALYSIS (Design) WORK PROGRAM EXECUTION PERFORMANCE MONITORING FEEDBACK CONDITION ASSESSMENT PRODUCTS NETWORK-LEVEL REPORTS Performance Assessment Network Needs Facility Life-cycle Cost Optimized M&R Program Performance-based Budget CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS NEEDS ANALYSIS PRIORITIZATION / OPTIMIZATION PERFORMANCE PREDICTION PROGRAMMING (PROJECT SELECTION) STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Goals & Policies System Performance Economic / Social & Environmental Budget Allocations The Asset Management Business Process Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts

8. Transportation Performance Management The MAP-21 Charge (23 USC 150(a) - Declaration of Policy) Performance Management Implementation Overview Performance Management Will: transform the Federal program provide a means to the most efficient investment of funds By: refocusing on national transportation goals, increasing accountability & transparency, and improving project decision making Source: P. Stephanos, Pavement Evaluation 2014

9. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Condition of Principal Highways Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter7.cfmhttp://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter7.cfm Highway Fatality Rates: 1980-2009 Interstate Pavement Smoothness (IRI) by State

10. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Performance Measures as Communication Tools Source: NCHRP 551

11. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure State of Good Repair Working definition: A state that results from application of transportation asset management concepts in which an agency maintains its physical assets according to a policy that minimizes asset life cycle costs while avoiding negative impacts to service

12. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure State of Good Repair o Easy to assess in its absence o Common themes: Achieving / meeting a certain level of service (performance) Performing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and renewal according to a considered agency policy Reducing or eliminating a backlog of unmet capital needs → Asset Management

13. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure 2. Decision Making

14. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Traditional Goals Used for Managing our Transportation Assets o Minimize Costs (both agency and user) o Maximize Benefits (e.g., better pavement performance, etc.) o But, what if we want to consider all the performance measures? Environmental Impacts? Safety (social)? etc…

15. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure U.S. Map -21 National Goals Focus the Federal-aid program on the following national goals: 1. Safety 2. Infrastructure condition 3. Congestion reduction 4. System reliability 5. Freight movement and economic vitality 6. Environmental sustainability 7. Reduced project delivery delays Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/presentations/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/presentations/

16. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line Economic Development Meet financial and economic needs of current and future generations Environmental Stewardship Clean environment for current and future generations Use resources sparingly. Social Equity Improve the quality of life for all people Promote equity between societies, groups, and generations Sustainable

17. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Performance Measures Stipulated in MAP 21 (§150(c)) PROGRAMMEASURE CATEGORY National Highway Performance Program Pavement Condition on the Interstates Pavement Condition on Non-Int. NHS Bridge Condition on NHS Performance of Interstate System Performance of Non-Interstate NHS Highway Safety Improvement Program Serious Injuries per VMT Fatalities per VMT Number of Serious Injuries Number of Fatalities CMAQ Program Traffic Congestion On-road Mobile Source Emissions Freight Policy Freight Movement on the Interstate Source: T. Van, 11 th Infrastruture Management Research and Education Workshop, Jan 2013

18. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) o Multi-objective decision-making (MODM) Considering multiple, often conflicting objectives o Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) Based on classic decision analysis/ utility theory

19. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Optimization o Decision-support tool o Selects best combination of: Sections/facilities (where) Treatment categories (what) Application time (when) o Uses operations research techniques o Must be based on a realistic decision-making process.

20. Multi-Objective Optimization o Sustainable transportation systems requires decisions in a context of Economic development Ecological sustainability Social desirability o All resource allocation involve some kind of tradeoff o Multi-objective optimization finds a set of decision variables (Pareto set of solutions) Satisfies constraints “Balances” various objective functions (performance criteria) High-level Performance Indicators

21. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Cost Benefits The Incremental Benefit Cost (IBC) is a Form of Multi-objective/ Multi-criteria Analysis Efficiency Frontier  Strategy 1  Strategy 2  Strategy 3  Strategy 6  Strategy 4  Strategy 5  Do-nothing IBC =  Benefits  Costs

22. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure 3. Examples

23. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Example 1 - Adding a 3 rd Objective: Minimizing the Life Cycle environmental Impact o Objectives: Assess the environmental impacts of road-related practices, strategies, and materials Implement a procedure to include these eco- efficiency values into a more comprehensive decision support system Evaluation of alternatives/ strategies Optimal Strategy Performance Environment Costs Multi- Attribute optimization Giustozzi, Crispino, & Flintsch, “Multi-Attribute Life Cycle Assessment of Preventive Maintenance Treatments on Road Pavements for Achieving Environmental Sustainability,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2012.

24. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Economic Development Meet financial and economic needs of current and future generations Environmental Stewardship Clean environment for current and future generations Use resources sparingly. Social Equity Improve the quality of life for all people Promote equity between societies, groups, and generations Sustainability Triple Bottom Line Environmental Impacts Costs Performance

25. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure PMS 3 rd Objective: Life Cycle Assessment (simplified to consider GHG only) 1 Materials 2 Transportation 3 Construction, Maintenance 4 Equipment 5 Usage Phase 6 Recycling, Disposal, Landfill CarbonFootprinting

26. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Example 1: Multi-Objective Evaluation of Alternatives Life Cycle Assessment Environment 1/Performance Costs

27. Example 2 - Cross-Asset Management

28. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Hypothesis (linking condition to performance) System Performance Consequences Poor Condition

29. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Example 2: System-level Performance I-81 Corridor Analysis o Rating of individual component asset performance o Aggregation Corridor level System level Verhoeven & Flintsch, “Generalized Framework for Developing a Corridor-Level Infrastructure Health Index,” Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012, TRR 2235.

30. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Pilot Application on I-81 o Pavement data from PMS IRI, Rutting, Cracking o Bridge data from NBI Element level inspections SectionPHRBHRFinal CHR MP 50-1107.988.368.06 MP 250-3007.918.698.07

31. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Pilot Application (Simplified Example) Scenario selected Treatment applied based on budget Performance averaged over 5 year analysis period Optimal allocation

32. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Impact on Network Performance - Conceptual Framework Dehghanisanij, M., Flintsch, G.W., McNeil, S., “Roadway Networks as a Degrading System: Vulnerability and System-level Performance,” Transportation Letters: the International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, vol. 5 (3), pp 105-114

33. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Example 3 - More Sustainable Rehabilitation Techniques - I-81 In Situ Recycling Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) Cold In-place Recycling (CIR) Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR)

34. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Source: http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/a/#p/roads/success-stories

35. LCCA Comparisons – Detailed Comparison Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., and Ferreira, A. “A Comprehensive Life Cycle Costs Analysis of In-Place Recycling and Conventional Pavement Construction and Maintenance Practices,” under review.

36. LCA Results – Impact on Climate Change Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., Ferreira, A. and Diefenderfer, B. “A life cycle assessment of in-place recycling and conventional pavement construction and maintenance practices,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle Design and Performance, 2014

37. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure 4. Conclusions

38. Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Conclusions o Asset management is a key business process for highway agencies Helps develop preservation and renewal programs and budgets consistent with user expectations (performance) Allows aligning investment with performance goals/ objectives → Sound asset management practices are needed to provide sustainable highway infrastructure systems

39. Asset Management: A Key Tool for Enhancing the Sustainability of our Transportation Infrastructure Questions? flintsch@vt.edu