1. Ethanol from Corn Stover Brandon Landry, Sam Beck, Rheagan Chambers, Allie Williams

2. Objectives  Objective: to produce fuel-grade ethanol from corn stover on an industrial level  History  Ethanol vs Gasoline  General Flowchart  Detailed Flowchart  Pretreatment  Hydrolysis/Fermentation  Purification  Cost Analysis  Conclusion  References  Objective: to produce fuel-grade ethanol from corn stover on an industrial level  History  Ethanol vs Gasoline  General Flowchart  Detailed Flowchart  Pretreatment  Hydrolysis/Fermentation  Purification  Cost Analysis  Conclusion  References

3. History of Ethanol Production 182 6 Ethanol first used by Samuel Morey to power an engine 1862 Union Congress imposed a $2 tax on ethanol to help pay for the Civil War. 1906-08 Tax was removed and made ethanol an alternative to gasoline. Henry Ford produced the Model-T (flex-fuel vehicle) 1941-4 5 Demand/ Production increased due to World War II 1974 The Solar Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act led to research and development of the conversion of biomaterials into useful fuels. 1979 Amoco Oil company began the marketing of commercial alcohol-blended fuels 1992 The Energy Policy Act defined that E-85 is an alternative to transportation fuels. 1997 Mass production of flex-fuel vehicles began

4. Ethanol vs Gasoline Ethanol  Low emission levels  Renewable fuel  Quickly biodegradable Gasoline  Higher emission levels  Nonrenewable

5. General Flowchart Figure 1. Four main steps involved in ethanol production from lignocellulosic material.

6. Detailed Flowchart. Calcium oxide Figure 2. Flowchart for producing ethanol from corn stover.

7. Pretreatment Physico-Chemical Pretreatment o Hammer Mill  Reduces size of corn stover o Alkali Treatment  Calcium oxide  Improves biomass digestibility  Improves biomass conservation Physico-Chemical Pretreatment o Hammer Mill  Reduces size of corn stover o Alkali Treatment  Calcium oxide  Improves biomass digestibility  Improves biomass conservation Figure 3. Hammer mill device used to crush corn stover.

8. Hydrolysis/Fermentation  Simultaneous Saccharification and Hydrolysis (SSF)  Cost effective  Requires less energy  Produces higher yield than separate processes  Lower risk of contamination  Simultaneous Saccharification and Hydrolysis (SSF)  Cost effective  Requires less energy  Produces higher yield than separate processes  Lower risk of contamination Figure 4. Simplified flow diagram for Simultaneous Saccharification and Hydrolysis (SSF).

9. Purification  Molecular Sieves  Used in Industry  Trap water molecules based on molecular weight properties  Graded based on internal pore diameter  Type 3Å used for ethanol dehydration  Molecular Sieves  Used in Industry  Trap water molecules based on molecular weight properties  Graded based on internal pore diameter  Type 3Å used for ethanol dehydration Figure 5. Molecular Sieve Diagram

10. Mass Balance Figure 6. Mass balance of production.

11. Cost Analysis

12. Conclusion  Our Ethanol Production Process  Input of 57 ton/hr of corn stover produces a yield of 16 ton/hr of ethanol  Ethanol Production Benefits  Reduces greenhouse gas emission  Renewable  Creates jobs  Reduces U.S. dependency on imported oil  Our Ethanol Production Process  Input of 57 ton/hr of corn stover produces a yield of 16 ton/hr of ethanol  Ethanol Production Benefits  Reduces greenhouse gas emission  Renewable  Creates jobs  Reduces U.S. dependency on imported oil

13. References "Ethanol Timeline." Green Plains Renewable Energy. N.p., June 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. Bothast, R. J., and M. A. Schilcher. "Biotechnological Processes for Conversion of Corn into Ethanol." Www.agro.uba.ar. National Corn-To-Ethanol Research Center, Southern Illinois University, 14 Dec. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2014. Taherzadeh, Mohammed J., and Keikhosro Karimi. "Enzyme Based Hydrolysis Processes for Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Materials: A Review." Www.ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu. North Carolina State University, 2 Nov. 2007. Web. 1 Mar. 2014 "Ethanol Timeline." Green Plains Renewable Energy. N.p., June 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. Bothast, R. J., and M. A. Schilcher. "Biotechnological Processes for Conversion of Corn into Ethanol." Www.agro.uba.ar. National Corn-To-Ethanol Research Center, Southern Illinois University, 14 Dec. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2014. Taherzadeh, Mohammed J., and Keikhosro Karimi. "Enzyme Based Hydrolysis Processes for Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Materials: A Review." Www.ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu. North Carolina State University, 2 Nov. 2007. Web. 1 Mar. 2014