1. ADMIXTURES to CONCRETE In modern days Concrete without an Admixture Is an exception

2. Typical Results with Plasticizers TestCement kg/m3 Dosage Lit/50kg W/CSlump mm UCS (N/mm2) 7 days 28 days Control30000.625025.037.0 Workability increase 3000.140.6210026.038.0 Strength increase 3000.140.565034.046.0 Cement saving 2700.140.625025.537.5

3. Superplasticiser

4. Effect of Retarding Superplasticizers at high temp. TestTempConcrete Slump (mm) 0-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h Control 201278976573832 + Admixture 20127 1141027057 Control 43114577--- + Admixture 4312770251913-

5. Effect of Accelerating Plasticizers at low Temp. TempMixW/CUCS (N/mm2) Slump = 25mm Cement = 300 kg 1 Day3 Day7 Day28 Day 2 0 C Control 0.65-3.612.826.1 Admixture 0.60-7.219.232.0 5 0 C Control 0.65-5.416.730.9 Admixture 0.60-8.021.035.9 18 0 C Control 0.655.615.528.138.6 Admixture 0.607.919.232.941.6

6. Pozollanic Admixtures –Metakaolin –Surkhi –Fly-ash GGBFS Silica Fumes MINERAL ADMIXTURES

7. Fly- ash Lower heat of hydration Increased water tightness Lower susceptibility to leaching Low thermal shrinkage Reduced alkali aggregate reaction Improved resistance to sulphate attack Improved workability Lower cost

8. Influence of Fly ash content on strength of concrete

9. GGBFS Obtained as a by-product in the making of steel

11. GGBFS AND PORTLAND CEMENT

12. Denser Microstructure Better long term strength Slower heat development Durability is better Alkali-silica reaction eliminated Lower slump loss GGBFS

13. Silica Fume A by product in the making of Silicon / Ferrosilicon from Carbon or Quartz in Electric Arc Furnace

14. Compressive strength of concrete with different contents of Silica

15. Mix Proportion of Some High Performance Concretes IngredientsMix (kg / m3) ABCDE Portland Cement534315513163228 Silica Fumes4036435446 Fly ash59---- GGBFS-137-325182 Fine Aggregate623745685730800 Coarse Aggregate10691130108011001110 Total water139150139136138 Water/cementitious0.220.310.25 0.30 Slump (mm)255--200220 Strenth (Mpa) 1 day---1319 7 days-67917262 28 days11583119114105 90 days-93145126121

17. HYDRATION

18. Compressive strength of concrete with different contents of GGBFS